Virulence profiling of Campylobacter spp., C. jejuni and C. fetus subsp. fetus abortions rise in sheep farms in Kashmir, India.

Campylobacter spp. are the leading causes of ovine abortions leading to severe economic losses and a source of bacterial food borne illness in humans, posing a major public health concern. This study reports an increase in Brucella negative abortions in sheep farms in Kashmir, India in the last few years.

Production of sterile trout (Triploids) by chromosome set manipulation using thermal shock treatment in rainbow trout () from Kashmir Himalayas.

Rainbow trout () is a promising cultivable fish species with significant potential for expansion. As a cold-water fish belonging to the Salmonidae family, it requires an optimal temperature range of 10-15°C for optimal growth. This study explores a method for producing sterile rainbow trout with maximum survival rates by using heat shock treatment to enhance growth characteristics and improve aquaculture practices.

Impact of ultrasound assisted pretreatment and drying methods on quality characteristics of underutilized vegetable purslane.

The present study was aimed to determine the effect of ultrasound pretreatment and different drying methods viz sun drying, solar drying, cabinet drying, vacuum drying, microwave assisted drying and freeze drying on physicochemical, phytochemical activity, rehydration ratio and drying time of the purslane. The purslane was ultrasonicated for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min following by drying. The ultrasound pretreatment (60 min) combined with freeze drying retained the highest antioxidants (95.

Optimizing soil properties, water use efficiency, and crop yield through biochar and organic manure integration in organic soil.

Speedy decomposition of organic manure and efficient utilization of rice husk waste are two critical challenges for sustainable environment and soil health management. However, understanding the synergistic effects of rice husk biochar (B) and organic manure (OM) on soil properties and crop growth in subtropical conditions remains unclear. A field study was conducted to investigate the impact of sole and combined application of rice husk biochar (0 t ha, 3 t ha), farmyard manure (FYM), and vermicompost (VC) on soil aggregation, aggregate-associated carbon, water use efficiency (WUE), economic benefits, and yield of radish crop in sandy clay loam organic soil.

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide From Bacillus licheniformis MW301654 Unravels the Nematicidal Property Against Meloidogyne incognita.

Research on nematode management globally highlights the use of nematicidal biomolecules and biocontrol agents. However, the availability of biomolecules to manage plant-parasitic nematodes remains limited. The discovery of microbial biomolecules offers new opportunities in this field, though they are underexplored for suppressing nematodes.

Non-coding RNAs in Cancer: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications.

Non-coding RNAs have gathered significant attention for their unique roles in biological regulation. Across a broad spectrum of developmental processes and diseases, particularly in human malignancies, ncRNAs play pivotal roles in regulatory mechanisms. MicroRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and small nucleolar RNAs stand out among the diverse forms of ncRNAs that have been implicated in cancer.

Regulatory T cells in bovine fertility: Current understanding and future prospects.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have emerged as crucial players in maintaining maternal-fetal tolerance and promoting successful pregnancy outcomes. This review examines the importance of these cells in pregnancy, drawing on human and animal-based studies, with a focus on their role in bovine fertility. Tregs employ various mechanisms to mediate maternal-fetal tolerance, including regulation of effector T-cell responses, interactions with innate immune cells in the uterine microenvironment, and modulation of trophoblast function.

Disentangling the response of species diversity, forest structure, and environmental drivers to aboveground biomass in the tropical forests of Western Ghats, India.

Tropical forests are crucial to the global carbon cycle, but a significant knowledge gap in the precise distribution patterns of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) hinders our ability to formulate effective conservation efforts. A key unresolved issue is the lack of understanding of how forest AGB interacts with biotic and abiotic factors on large spatial scale. To address this, we used Structural Equation Modeling to disentangle the direct and indirect effects of environmental, anthropogenic, structural diversity species diversity and edaphic factors on AGB of trees, lianas and regenerating communities using the data from 96 1-ha plots in the central Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India.

Optimization of pretreatments to enhance quality characteristics and storage period of kinnow (Citrus reticulata Blanco) using response surface methodology.

An investigation was carried out to evaluate the impact of pretreatments viz. wax coating, hot water dipping, and fungicide treatment on quality characteristics of kinnow. In the present study, a trial was conducted to extend the shelf life of kinnow fruits by maintaining the initial quality characteristics with three wax-to-water dilution ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3), hot water dipping at 56 °C with varying time (40, 60, 80 s) along with fungicide treatment at various concentration (150, 200, 250 ppm).

Predicting rainfall using machine learning, deep learning, and time series models across an altitudinal gradient in the North-Western Himalayas.

Predicting rainfall is a challenging and critical task due to its significant impact on society. Timely and accurate predictions are essential for minimizing human and financial losses. The dependence of approximately 60% of agricultural land in India on monsoon rainfall implies the crucial nature of accurate rainfall prediction.

Xylooligosaccharide Production From Lignocellulosic Biomass and Their Health Benefits as Prebiotics.

Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) comprising of wheat bran, coconut husk, rice husk, cereals straw, and other hardwood and softwoods is a good source for the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) (prebiotic). XOS produced are nondigestible carbohydrates being stable under stomach pH and digestive enzymes so they can be easily delivered to the intestine in native form, thus stimulating the growth of probiotics. Here we review about the raw material, production, purification, and application of XOS with health benefits.

Integrated organic and mineral fertilizer strategies for achieving sustainable maize yield and soil quality in dry sub-humid inceptisols.

Maize is one of the important cereal crops grown in rainfed regions of northwestern Himalayas, however, persistent use of chemical fertilizers coupled with poor soil nutrients and water holding capacity due to coarse textured soils poses serious threat to sustaining maize yield and soil health. To address these bottlenecks, a long-term experiment with application of organic manures and mineral fertilizer provides insights to quantify changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), crop yield and rain water use efficiency (RWUE) in rainfed area having low water use efficiency. A twelve years field experiment was conducted under dry sub-humid Inceptisols in northern India to study the potential impacts of organic and mineral fertilization on maize (Zea mays L.

Exposure to organophosphate insecticides induces behavioral changes and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in Apis mellifera.

European honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) is an essential pollinator that contributes significantly to the global ecosystem and agricultural productivity. However, their population has been facing unprecedented threats, primarily due to their exposure to various pesticides, including organophosphates.

Enhancing shelf-life and nutritional value of broccoli florets through vacuum impregnation with calcium chloride and ascorbic acid.

Backround: The present investigation aimed to enhance the postharvest shelf-life of broccoli using vacuum impregnation (VI). Broccoli florets were impregnated with physiologically active chemicals, i.e.

Effect of Gossypol on Gene Expression in Swine Granulosa Cells.

Gossypol (GP), a polyphenolic compound in cottonseed, has notable effects on female reproduction and the respiratory system in pigs. This study aimed to discern the alterations in gene expression within swine granulosa cells (GCs) when treated with two concentrations of GP (6.25 and 12.

Impact of on Performance, Blood Markers, Immunity, Intestinal Microbiology and Histomorphology in Broiler Chicken.

The study investigated the impact of utilizing leaf powder (RNL) as a phytogenic feed additive on performance, blood markers, intestinal microbiology and histomorphology in broiler chicken. One hundred eighty day-old Cobb broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatment groups having three replicates with fifteen birds each. Four iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets primarily based on maize-soybean were formulated, viz.

Chlorpyrifos and dimethoate exposure impairs female fertility by deregulating WNT signaling pathway & uterine receptivity.

The study assessed histological, biochemical, oxidative stress, and molecular parameters to evaluate the consequences of Chlorpyrifos and Dimethoate exposure on uterine health in female rats. Despite showing no obvious signs of toxicity apart from minor clinical symptoms in DM-exposed rats, both pesticides caused degenerative changes in uterine tissue. This study demonstrates that pesticides induce inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in rats, by NF-κB activation and altering antioxidant enzyme levels.

Effect of Different Early Weaning Diets on Survival, Growth, and Digestive Ontogeny of (Bloch, 1793) Larvae.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the survival, growth, and digestive ontogeny of larvae fed with different experimental diets from 4 days post-hatch (dph) to 32 dph at three-day intervals. A total of 24,000 larvae, with 1600 larvae per tank in triplicate and an initial mean weight of 0.64 ± 0.

Microfluidics-A novel technique for high-quality sperm selection for greater ART outcomes.

Microfluidics represent a quality sperm selection technique. Human couples fail to conceive and this is so in a significant population of animals worldwide. Defects in male counterpart lead to failure of conception so are outcomes of assisted reproduction affected by quality of sperm.

Improving quality and consumer acceptance of rabbit meat: Prospects and challenges.

Rabbit meat is an excellent source of high-quality proteins, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, which can be further improved through various management, preslaughter, and post-slaughter interventions. Rabbit meat consumption is popular in certain regions of the world. The multidimensional role of rabbits as pet, pest, and laboratory animals, lack of proper knowledge among consumers towards the nutritive value of rabbit meat, animal welfare, and ethical issues, sustainable potential, undeveloped marketing, and processing chain, and price parity with available cheap meat and non-meat alternatives, are some constraints in the rabbit meat production.

Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of Andrographolide and Ajwain as promising alternatives to antibiotics for treating Salmonella gallinarum infection in chicken.

The emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, including Salmonella gallinarum, poses a significant challenge to poultry health and food safety. In response, alternative strategies are urgently needed to mitigate bacterial infections without exacerbating antibiotic resistance. Phytoremediation, a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach, harnesses the natural detoxification capabilities of plants to remediate contaminants.