Comparison of surface-passivation ability of the BAI salt and its induced 2D perovskite for high-performance inverted perovskite solar cells.

Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells have shown a rapid increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the past decade. However, their performance still suffers from trap-assisted decline due to defects at the surface and grain boundaries in the polycrystalline active layer. In this study, a thin BAI layer was formed on the CHNHPbI surface, which was then transformed into either a two-dimensional (2D) perovskite layer (BAPbI) or the organic salt itself by controlling the post-annealing process.