A Quantitative First Passage Time Model for Tubular Microfluidic Immunoassays.

Solid-phase immunosorbent reactions, such as ELISA, are widely used for detecting, identifying, and quantifying protein markers. However, traditional centimeter scale well-based immunoreactors suffer from low surface-to-volume (S/V) ratios, leading to large sample consumption and a long assay time. Microfluidic technologies, particularly tubular microfluidic immunoreactors, have emerged as promising alternatives due to their high S/V ratios.

Unlocking 3D printing technology for microalgal production and application.

Microalgae offer a promising alternative for sustainable nutritional supplements and functional food ingredients and hold potential to meet the growing demand for nutritious and eco-friendly food alternatives. With the escalating impacts of global climate change and increasing human activities, microalgal production must be enhanced by reducing freshwater and land use and minimizing carbon emissions. The advent of 3D printing offers novel opportunities for optimizing microalgae production, though it faces challenges such as high production costs and scalability concerns.

Multi-omics sequencing of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma reveals prognosis-relevant key factors and a novel immunogenomic classification.

Background: Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJAC) exhibits distinct molecular characteristics due to its unique anatomical location. We sought to investigate effective and reliable molecular classification of GEJAC to guide personalized treatment.

Methods: We analyzed the whole genomic, transcriptomic, T-cell receptor repertoires, and immunohistochemical data in 92 GEJAC patients and delineated the landscape of genetic and immune alterations.

Technologies for studying phase-separated biomolecular condensates.

Biomolecular condensates, also referred to as membrane-less organelles, function as fundamental organizational units within cells. These structures primarily form through liquid-liquid phase separation, a process in which proteins and nucleic acids segregate from the surrounding milieu to assemble into micron-scale structures. By concentrating functionally related proteins and nucleic acids, these biomolecular condensates regulate a myriad of essential cellular processes.

Direct repeat region 3' end modifications regulate Cas12a activity and expand its applications.

CRISPR-Cas12a technology has transformative potential, but as its applications grow, enhancing its inherent functionalities is essential to meet diverse demands. Here, we reveal a regulatory mechanism for LbCas12a through direct repeat (DR) region 3' end modifications and de-modifications, which can regulate LbCas12a's cis- and trans-cleavage activities. We extensively explored the effects of introducing phosphorylation, DNA, photo-cleavable linker, DNA modifications at the DR 3' end on LbCas12a's functionality.

Aptamer-Modified TiCT MXene Fluorescent Nanoprobe for Monitoring ATP and GTP during a Mild-Photothermal-Activated Nucleolar Stress Process in Living Cells.

Understanding the molecular energy metabolism of single cells in the nucleolus stress response induced by mild-photothermal therapy (mPTT) is of great importance for investigating the photothermal lethal mechanism. Herein, we successfully fabricated a "turn-on"-type fluorescent nanoprobe based on the fluorescently labeled aptamers (FAM-ATP-apt and Cy3-GTP-apt) and TiCT MXene. When the adapters on the nanoprobes bonded to intracellular ATP and GTP, the fluorescence of the nanoprobes was restored.

Comment on: FLT3 ligand kinetic profile predicts response to treatment in patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome / chronic myelomonocytic leukemia receiving CPX-351: a study from the Groupe Francophone des Myélodysplasies.

Not available.

MRI-based intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics for assessing deep myometrial invasion in patients with early-stage endometrioid adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics models for predicting deep myometrial invasion (DMI) of early-stage endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC).

Methods: The data of 459 EAC patients from three centers were retrospectively collected. Radiomics features were extracted separately from the intratumoral and peritumoral regions expanded by 0 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm on unimodal and multimodal MRI.

A cross-sectional study of parental perspectives on children about COVID-19 and classification using machine learning models.

Background And Objective: This study delves into the parenting cognition perspectives on COVID-19 in children, exploring symptoms, transmission modes, and protective measures. It aims to correlate these perspectives with sociodemographic factors and employ advanced machine-learning techniques for comprehensive analysis.

Method: Data collection involved a semi-structured questionnaire covering parental knowledge and attitude on COVID-19 symptoms, transmission, protective measures, and government satisfaction.

SLC25A1 and ACLY maintain cytosolic acetyl-CoA and regulate ferroptosis susceptibility via FSP1 acetylation.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death characterized by excessive lipid hydroperoxides accumulation, emerges as a promising target in cancer therapy. Among the solute carrier (SLC) superfamily, the cystine/glutamate transporter system antiporter components SLC3A2 and SLC7A11 are known to regulate ferroptosis by facilitating cystine import for ferroptosis inhibition. However, the contribution of additional SLC superfamily members to ferroptosis remains poorly understood.

Optimization of the intron sequences combined with the CMV promoter increases recombinant protein expression in CHO cells.

To meet the requirements of the biopharmaceutical industry, improving the yield of recombination therapeutic protein (RTP) from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells is necessary. The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter is widely used for RTP expression in CHO cells. To further improve RTP production, we truncated the human CMV intron and further evaluated the effect of four synthetic introns, including ctEF-1α first, EF-1α first, chimeric, and β-globin introns combined with the CMV promoter on recombinant expression levels in transient and stably recombinant CHO cells.

Effectiveness of using implementation frameworks to facilitate the implementation of a stroke management guideline in the traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in China: protocol for a factorial randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is commonly used alongside Western medicine for stroke management in China. However, there is significant variation in TCM practice, and the utilisation of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines is inadequate. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of three popular frameworks-Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and Normalization Process Theory (NPT)-in improving implementation outcomes for the integrated TCM and Western medicine clinical practice guideline for stroke management.

Human-in-the-loop machine learning-based quantitative assessment of hemifacial spasm based on volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination MR.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the severity of hemifacial spasm (HFS) through quantitative measures that associated it with neurovascular contact (NVC).

Methods: We enrolled 108 HFS patients (63 severe and 45 mild cases) and implemented a human-in-the-loop approach to develop a quantitative NVC feature package. This process involved using interactive segmentation on three-dimensional volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) MR images to delineate vascular and nerve structures.

The risk assessment and burden of cancer attributable to dietary cadmium exposure in China, 2019.

Dietary Cadmium (Cd) intake is essential for Cd exposure. However, the burden of cancer attributable to dietary Cd intake remains to be determined in China. To estimate the level of dietary Cd exposure, we merged the Cd concentrations in food from literature and the foods consumption from national dietary surveys.

Purification, structural characterization, and in vitro immunomodulatory activity of a low-molecular-weight polysaccharide from cultivated Chinese cordyceps.

Cultivated Chinese cordyceps, an optimal substitute for the endangered wild resource, has recently been produced on a large scale. This work sought to explore the structural features and immunomodulatory activity of a novel low-molecular-weight polysaccharide (CSP1a, 15.7 kDa) isolated from cultivated Chinese cordyceps.

Rationally manipulating molecular planarity to improve molar absorptivity, NIR-II brightness, and photothermal effect for tumor phototheranostics.

The secondary near-infrared region (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) offers a noninvasive and light-controllable treatment option for deep-seated cancers. However, the development of NIR-II photothermal agents (NIR-II PTAs) that possess the desired properties of high molar absorption coefficient (ε), fluorescence quantum yield (QY), and photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) remain a challenge due to the contradiction between radiative and nonradiative processes. Herein, we propose a novel side-chain heteroatom substitution engineering strategy to simultaneously enhance ε, QY, and PCE by modifying the molecular planarity.

Design strategies and biomedical applications of organic NIR-IIb fluorophores.

The introduction of fluorescence imaging (FLI) in near-infrared II sub-channels (NIR-IIb, 1500-1700 nm) has revolutionized the ability to explore complex patho-physiological settings . Despite the transformative potentials, the development of organic NIR IIb dyes encounters considerable difficulties, and only a limited number of such fluorophores have been developed so far. This review systematically introduces design strategies of organic NIR-IIb fluorophores classified by molecular scaffolds, mainly including cyanine dyes and D-A-D small molecule dyes.

CD155 promotes the advancement of hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing the p53-mediated ferroptosis via interacting with CD96.

This work researched the influence and mechanism of CD155 on hepatocellular carcinoma advancement. CD155 expression and its effect on survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients were analyzed based on the GEPIA2 database. String software predicted the interacting between CD155 and CD96, which was further verified by co-immunoprecipitation experiment.

Programmable Stapling Peptide Based on Sulfonium as Universal Vaccine Adjuvants for Multiple Types of Vaccines.

Adjuvants are non-specific immune enhancers commonly used to improve the responsiveness and persistence of the immune system toward antigens. However, due to the undefined chemical structure, toxicity, non-biodegradability, and lack of design technology in many existing adjuvants, it remains difficult to achieve substantive breakthroughs in the adjuvant research field. Here, a novel adjuvant development strategy based on stapling peptides is reported to overcome this challenge.

Albumin-Energized NIR-II Cyanine Dye for Fluorescence/Photoacoustic/Photothermal Multi-Modality Imaging-Guided Tumor Homologous Targeting Photothermal Therapy.

Endowing cyanine dyes with hydrophilicity, long blood circulation, tumor targeting, and robust therapeutic efficacy in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window is challenging for cancer treatment. Herein, we develop cancer cell membrane-coated albumin-NIR-II cyanine dye assemblies, denoted as LZ-1105@HAm, to optimize the photophysical properties of cyanine dyes in aqueous solution for NIR-II fluorescence (FL)/photoacoustic (PA)/photothermal (PT) multimodality imaging-guided tumor homologous targeting photothermal therapy. LZ-1105@HAm exhibits good hydrophilicity, extends the half-life of blood circulation from 0.

Influenza A virus NS2 protein acts on vRNA-resident polymerase to drive the transcription to replication switch.

The heterotrimeric RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of influenza A virus catalyzes viral RNA transcription (vRNA→mRNA) and replication (vRNA→cRNA→vRNA) by adopting different conformations. A switch from transcription to replication occurs at a relatively late stage of infection. We recently reported that the viral NS2 protein, expressed at later stages from a spliced transcript of the NS segment messenger RNA (mRNA), inhibits transcription, promotes replication and plays a key role in the transcription-to-replication switch.

Construction of an Artificially Intelligent Model for Accurate Detection of HCC by Integrating Clinical, Radiological, and Peripheral Immunological Features.

Background: Integrating comprehensive information on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is essential to improve its early detection. We aimed to develop a model with multi-modal features (MMF) using artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to enhance the performance of HCC detection.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1,092 participants were enrolled from 16 centers.

aux orchestrates the phosphorylation-dependent assembly of the lysosomal V-ATPase in glia and contributes to SNCA/α-synuclein degradation.

Glia contribute to the neuropathology of Parkinson disease (PD), but how they react opposingly to be beneficial or detrimental under pathological conditions, like promoting or eliminating SNCA/α-syn (synuclein alpha) inclusions, remains elusive. Here we present evidence that aux (auxilin), the homolog of the PD risk factor GAK (cyclin G associated kinase), regulates the lysosomal degradation of SNCA/α-syn in glia. Lack of glial GAK/aux increases the lysosome number and size, regulates lysosomal acidification and hydrolase activity, and ultimately blocks the degradation of substrates including SNCA/α-syn.

Skin microbiota: pathogenic roles and implications in atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and inflammatory skin disorder characterized by impaired barrier function and imbalanced immunity. Recent advances have revealed that dysbiosis of skin microbiota plays important roles in the pathogenesis and development of AD. Meanwhile, endogenous and external factors contribute to the dysbiosis of skin microbiota in AD.

Case report: The case of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with chemotherapy followed by anti-CD7 CAR-T cells using retroviral vector.

CD7-targeted chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy has shown great promise in the treatment of relapsed/refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In this study, we reported a case of a 34-year-old male patient with T-ALL who finally developed multi-line drug resistance and refractoriness after multiple lines of high-intensity chemotherapy. After physician evaluation, this patient received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).