SPHK2 protein expression, Ki-67 index and infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in human glioma.

Introduction: Sphingosine kinases (SPHKs), the Ki-67 index and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with diverse human malignancies, including glioma. SPHK2, a subtype of SPHKs, has not been assessed in glioma or correlated with the Ki-67 index or TAM infiltration. We tested the hypothesis that expression of SPHK2 correlates with the Ki-67 index and TAM infiltration in patients with glioma.

The interaction of selenoprotein F (SELENOF) with retinol dehydrogenase 11 (RDH11) implied a role of SELENOF in vitamin A metabolism.

Background: Selenoprotein F (SELENOF, was named as 15-kDa selenoprotein) has been reported to play important roles in oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and carcinogenesis. However, the biological function of SELENOF is still unclear.

Methods: A yeast two-hybrid system was used to screen the interactive protein of SELENOF in a human fetal brain cDNA library.

Impact of spatial characteristics in the left stenotic coronary artery on the hemodynamics and visualization of 3D replica models.

Cardiovascular disease has been the major cause of death worldwide. Although the initiation and progression mechanism of the atherosclerosis are similar, the stenotic characteristics and the corresponding medical decisions are different between individuals. In the present study, we performed anatomic and hemodynamic analysis on 8 left coronary arterial trees with 10 identified stenoses.

Tanshinone IIA induces apoptosis via inhibition of Wnt/β‑catenin/MGMT signaling in AtT‑20 cells.

A strategy to suppress the expression of the DNA repair enzyme O6‑methylguanine‑DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) by inhibition of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling may be useful as a novel treatment for pituitary adenoma. Previous studies have reported that Tanshinone IIA (TSA), a major quinone compound isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, had antitumor effects. However, whether TSA has antitumor effects against pituitary adenoma and whether the mechanisms are associated with the Wnt/β‑catenin/MGMT pathway remains to be clarified.

Application of Virtual Navigation with Multimodality Image Fusion in Foramen Ovale Cannulation.

Objective: Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (ITN) can be effectively treated with radiofrequency thermocoagulation. However, this procedure requires cannulation of the foramen ovale, and conventional cannulation methods are associated with high failure rates. Multimodality imaging can improve the accuracy of cannulation because each imaging method can compensate for the drawbacks of the other.

Prediction and classification of Alzheimer disease based on quantification of MRI deformation.

Detecting early morphological changes in the brain and making early diagnosis are important for Alzheimer's disease (AD). High resolution magnetic resonance imaging can be used to help diagnosis and prediction of the disease. In this paper, we proposed a machine learning method to discriminate patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from healthy elderly and to predict the AD conversion in MCI patients by computing and analyzing the regional morphological differences of brain between groups.

Hemangiopericytoma Arose From the Site of Meningioma Resection.

Intracranial hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a rare tumor and accounts for 0.4% of all primary central nervous system tumors. However, it has aggressive behavior in growth and infiltration.

Blood Occludin Level as a Potential Biomarker for Early Blood Brain Barrier Damage Following Ischemic Stroke.

Concern about intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the primary reason for withholding tPA therapy from patients with ischemic stroke. Early blood brain barrier (BBB) damage is the major risk factor for fatal post-thrombolysis ICH, but rapidly assessing BBB damage before tPA administration is highly challenging. We recently reported that ischemia induced rapid degradation of tight junction protein occludin in cerebromicrovessels.

Nitric Oxide Interacts with Caveolin-1 to Facilitate Autophagy-Lysosome-Mediated Claudin-5 Degradation in Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Treated Endothelial Cells.

Using in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model, we have previously demonstrated that 2-h OGD induces rapid, caveolin-1-mediated dissociation of claudin-5 from the cellular cytoskeletal framework and quick endothelial barrier disruption. In this study, we further investigated the fate of translocated claudin-5 and the mechanisms by which OGD promotes caveolin-1 translocation. Exposure of bEND3 cells to 4-h OGD, but not 2-h OGD plus 2-h reoxygenation, resulted in claudin-5 degradation.

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor RGFP109 Overcomes Temozolomide Resistance by Blocking NF-κB-Dependent Transcription in Glioblastoma Cell Lines.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive tumour in the central nervous system. Many studies have demonstrated that upregulation of the NF-κB onco-pathway is accompanied by the acquisition of Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in GBM cells. Here, we show that RGFP109, a selective histone deacetylase (HDAC1 and HDAC3) inhibitor, overcomes TMZ resistance and downregulates the expression of NF-κB-regulated pro-survival genes in a TMZ-resistant (TR) GBM cell line.

Cassane-type diterpenes from Caesalpinia minax induce apoptosis in pituitary adenoma: structure-activity relationship, ER stress and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.

Plant-derived natural products have been the highly significant sources of novel antitumor agents. The cassane-type diterpenes of genus Caesalpinia have been reported to bear antiproliferative activities toward different types of cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated the antineoplasmic activities of 16 natural origin cassane-type diterpenes isolated from the CHCl extract of the seeds of C.

HPOB, an HDAC6 inhibitor, attenuates corticosterone-induced injury in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells by inhibiting mitochondrial GR translocation and the intrinsic apoptosis pathway.

High levels of glucocorticoids (GCs) have been reported to damage normal hippocampal neurons, and such damage has been positively correlated with major depression (MD) and chronic stress. Our previous study showed that HDAC6 might be a potential target to regulate GC-induced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) translocation to the mitochondria and subsequent apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of HPOB, a selective HDAC6 inhibitor, on corticosterone (Cort)-induced apoptosis and explored the possible mechanism of action of HPOB in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, which possesses typical neuron features and expresses high levels of glucocorticoid receptors.

Normobaric Hyperoxia Extends Neuro- and Vaso-Protection of N-Acetylcysteine in Transient Focal Ischemia.

N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione that reduces reperfusion-induced injury, has been shown protection when it was administered pre-ischemia. However, less is known about the effect when it was given post-ischemia and there is no positive result associated with anti-oxidant in clinical trials. This study investigated the neuro- and vaso-protection of post-ischemia NAC administration as well as combining NAC with normobaric hyperoxia (NBO).

PI3K p110β isoform synergizes with JNK in the regulation of glioblastoma cell proliferation and migration through Akt and FAK inhibition.

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor, characterized by rapid growth and extensive infiltration to neighboring normal brain parenchyma. Both PI3K/Akt and JNK pathways are essential to glioblastoma cell survival, migration and invasion. Due to their hyperactivation in glioblastoma cells, PI3K and JNK are promising targets for glioblastoma treatment.

Homozygous mutation of VPS16 gene is responsible for an autosomal recessive adolescent-onset primary dystonia.

Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder that is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Herein, we report the identification a novel homozygous missense mutation, c.156 C > A in VPS16, co-segregating with disease status in a Chinese consanguineous family with adolescent-onset primary dystonia by whole exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping.

Normobaric hyperoxia retards the evolution of ischemic brain tissue toward infarction in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia.

Objectives: Oxygen therapy has been long considered a logical therapy for ischemic stroke. Our previous studies showed that normobaric hyperoxia (normobaric hyperoxia (NBO), 95% O2 with 5% CO2) treatment during ischemia reduced ischemic neuronal death and cerebromicrovascular injury in animal stroke models. In this study, we studied the effects of NBO on the evolution of ischemic brain tissue to infarction in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia.

Three-dimensional hemodynamics analysis of the circle of Willis in the patient-specific nonintegral arterial structures.

The hemodynamic alteration in the cerebral circulation caused by the geometric variations in the cerebral circulation arterial network of the circle of Wills (CoW) can lead to fatal ischemic attacks in the brain. The geometric variations due to impairment in the arterial network result in incomplete cerebral arterial structure of CoW and inadequate blood supply to the brain. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the hemodynamics of the CoW, for efficiently and precisely evaluating the status of blood supply to the brain.

Homocysteine-lowering therapy and early functional outcomes of ischemic patients with H-type hypertension: a retrospective analysis of CNSR.

Recently, elevated levels of homocysteine and early neurological deterioration due to acute ischemic stroke have been reported to be strongly correlated. However, the role of homocysteine-lowering therapy (HLT) in the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke patients has remained unclear. This study evaluated the effects of HLT during hospitalization on the early outcomes of the 792 ischemic stroke patients with H-type hypertension from the China National Stroke Registry.

Upregulation of miR-107 Inhibits Glioma Angiogenesis and VEGF Expression.

MicroRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in glioma. Previously, we showed that miR-107 inhibits glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Since tumor growth and invasion are closely related to angiogenesis, we further examined the role of miR-107 in glioma angiogenesis.

Acute Temporal Profiles of Serum Levels of UCH-L1 and GFAP and Relationships to Neuronal and Astroglial Pathology following Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats.

A number of potential traumatic brain injury (TBI) biomarkers have been proposed and evaluated in the laboratory and clinic. This study investigated the temporal profile of circulating biomarkers of astrocytic and neuronal injury over the first 24 h and relevant histopathological changes after experimental moderate TBI. Twenty male rats were randomly assigned to either moderate parasagittal fluid percussion or sham injury.

Intermittent hypothermia is neuroprotective in an in vitro model of ischemic stroke.

Objective: To investigate whether the intermittent hypothermia (IH) protects neurons against ischemic insult and the potential molecular targets using an in vitro ischemic model of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD).

Methods: Fetal rat cortical neurons isolated from Day E18 rat embryos were subjected to 90-min OGD and hypothermia treatments during reoxygenation before examining the changes in microscopic morphology, cell viability, microtubule- associated protein 2 (MAP-2) release, intracellular pH value and calcium, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm) and neuronal death using cell counting kit (CCK-8), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), BCECF AM, Fluo-3 AM, DCFH-DA and dihydroethidium (DHE), JC-1 staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), respectively.

Results: 90-min OGD induced morphologic abnormalities, cell viability decline, MAP-2 release, intracellular acidosis, calcium overload, increased ROS generation, △Ψm decrease and cell death in primary neurons, which was partially inhibited by continuous hypothermia (CH) and intermittent hypothermia (IH).