- The 4f subshell electronic structure of rare earth elements gives them unique electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, making them suitable for creating molecular probes with features like long fluorescence lifetimes and strong resistance to photobleaching.
- Different imaging techniques offer distinct benefits but also come with limitations, and dual-modality molecular probes help overcome these issues, particularly in advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) applications.
- This review explores the uses, advantages, challenges, and current state of research on rare earth elements in four dual imaging methods (MRI/OI, MRI/PET, MRI/CT, MRI/US), aiming to guide future advancements in dual-modality molecular probes.