Conference 2024: Building an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health.

The Conference 2024 provides a platform to promote the development of an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health. The four key components - Technology, Research (Biology), Academic journals, and Social media - form a synergistic ecosystem. Advanced technologies drive biological research, which generates novel insights that are disseminated through academic journals.

The depletion of gut microbiome impairs the beneficial effect of Gui-Shen-Wan in restoring mice ovarian function and associated protein expression of ovarian tissues.

Introduction: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), specifically Gui-Shen-Wan, has shown promise in restoring ovarian function among reproductive-age women who had impaired ovarian functions, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recent studies highlight the pivotal role of the gut microbiome (GM) in mediating the therapeutic effects of TCM. However, it is unclear whether the GM contributes to Gui-Shen-Wan's therapeutic restoration of ovarian functions.

Acquired multiple mutations‑mediated resistance to a third‑generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma who responded to afatinib: A case report and literature review.

For patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that have epidermal growth factor receptor () mutations, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard treatment and have significant clinical benefits. Third-generation TKIs, such as osimertinib, almonertinib and furmonertinib, are effective for the treatment of NSCLC that is EGFR-sensitizing mutation-positive and T790M-positive. Despite the efficacy of third-generation TKIs, patients inevitably develop resistance and the resistance mechanisms are heterogeneous.

Impaired cardiomyocytes accelerate cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by delivering exosomes containing Shh/N-Shh/Gli1 in angiotensin II infused mice.

Backgrounds: Heart failure (HF) is characterized by progressive cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, yet the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear. Exosomes are pivotal in cellular communication and are key signaling carriers in HFs. This study investigated the roles of exosomes in HF.

Comparison of the smiley face rod method versus intervertebral fusion for the treatment of L5 spondylolysis in adults.

Purpose: For patients who suffered from L5 spondylolysis and fail to improve using conservative treatment, the best surgical strategy remains controversial. This study compares the efficacy of the treatment of L5 spondylolysis using the smiley face rod (SFR) method versus intervertebral fusion (IF).

Methods: We analyzed 38 patients with L5 spondylolysis who underwent surgery in our department between January 2017 and June 2019.

Hiporfin photodynamic therapy for early-stage cervical cancer: A case report.

A 28-year-old female patient, diagnosed with stage IA1 cervical cancer, received PDT treatment with intravenous injection of Hiporfin, a HpD type photosensitizer. The patient's human papillomavirus (HPV) and cytology testing results were negative at the 3-month. At 6 months, the lesions on the cervical surface and within the cervical canal had completely resolved.

Hiporfin-photodynamic therapy for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the endocervical canal in young women.

The objective of this prospective study was to assess the efficacy of Hiporfin-photodynamic therapy (PDT) int the treatment of young women diagnosed with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) of the endocervical canal. This study included 14 patients aged 30 ± 4.2 years (range 21-37) with HSIL of the cervical canal, treated at our hospital from August 2021 to June 2023.

Photodynamic therapy compared with loop electrosurgical excision procedure in patients with cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness between Hiporfin-photodynamic therapy (PDT) and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in treating cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). We conducted a retrospective analysis of 104 women diagnosed with cervical HSIL at our hospital from April 2019 to July 2023. With 1:1 matched case-control, 52 cases received Hiporfin-PDT and 52 cases underwent LEEP.

Tumor Microenvironment Based on Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels for On-Chip Drug Screening.

Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) culturing and nanotechnology offer promising pathways to overcome the limitations of drug screening, particularly for tumors like neuroblastoma. In this study, we develop a high-throughput microfluidic chip that integrates a concentration gradient generator (CGG) with a 3D co-culture system, constructing the vascularized microenvironment in tumors by co-culturing neuroblastoma (SY5Y cell line) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs) within a decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels. The automated platform enhances the simulation of the tumor microenvironment and allows for the precise control of the concentrations of nanomedicines, which is crucial for evaluating therapeutic efficacy.

STING Agonist Delivered by Neutrophil Membrane-Coated Gold Nanoparticles Exerts Synergistic Tumor Inhibition with Radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the major treatments for cancers and a promising initiator of immune response. Gold nanoparticles are a promising radiosensitizer. In this study, we sought to optimize the drug delivery efficiency of gold nanoparticles and explore their function in delivering stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists with or without RT.

Research progress of nanoparticles in diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most common malignant liver tumors. Despite progress in anticancer drugs and surgical approaches, early detection of HCC remains challenging, often leading to late-stage diagnosis where rapid disease progression precludes surgical intervention, leaving chemotherapy as the only option. However, the systemic toxicity, low bioavailability, and significant adverse effects of chemotherapy drugs often lead to resistance, rendering treatments ineffective for many patients.

Nlp-dependent ER-to-Golgi transport.

The mechanism that maintains ER-to-Golgi vesicles formation and transport is complicated. As one of the adapters, Ninein-like protein (Nlp) participated in assembly and transporting of partial ER-to-Golgi vesicles that contained specific proteins, such as β-Catenin and STING. Nlp acted as a platform to sustain the specificity and continuity of cargoes during COPII and COPI-coated vesicle transition and transportation through binding directly with SEC31A as well as Rab1B.

HiPorfin photodynamic therapy for vaginal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HiPorfin-photodynamic therapy (PDT) in women with vaginal high-grade squamous intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of eighteen patients with vaginal HSIL received HiPorfin-PDT between June 2019 and May 2023. Illumination with a 630-nm laser light was applied to the lesions 48-72 h after intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg HiPorfin.

Early detection and stratification of colorectal cancer using plasma cell-free DNA fragmentomic profiling.

Timely accurate and cost-efficient detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is of great clinical importance. This study aims to establish prediction models for detecting CRC using plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentomic features. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on cfDNA from 620 participants, including healthy individuals, patients with benign colorectal diseases and CRC patients.

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicle proteins as new biomarkers and targets in precision oncology.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important carriers of signaling molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, and have become a focus of increasing interest due to their numerous physiological and pathological functions. For a long time, most studies on EV components focused on noncoding RNAs; however, in recent years, extracellular vesicle proteins (EVPs) have been found to play important roles in diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance and thus have been considered favorable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various tumors. In this review, we describe the general protocols of research on EVPs and summarize their multifaceted roles in precision medicine applications, including cancer diagnosis, dynamic monitoring of therapeutic efficacy, drug resistance research, tumor microenvironment interaction research, and anticancer drug delivery.

Acquisition of 2C-like totipotency through defined maternal-effect factors.

Fully grown oocytes have the natural ability to transform 2 terminally differentiated gametes into a totipotent zygote representing the acquisition of totipotency. This process wholly depends on maternal-effect factors (MFs). MFs stored in the eggs are therefore likely to be able to induce cellular reprogramming to a totipotency state.

COVID-19 increases extracorporeal coagulation during hemodialysis associated with upregulation of vWF/FBLN5 signaling in patients with severe/critical symptoms.

Background: COVID-19 has been shown to increase the risk of extracorporeal coagulation during hemodialysis in patients, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of COVID-19 on the risk of extracorporeal coagulation in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the extracorporeal coagulation status of 339 hemodialysis patients at our center before and after COVID-19 infection was performed, including subgroup analyses.

Diagnostic and predictive significance of the ferroptosis-related gene TXNIP in lung adenocarcinoma stem cells based on multi-omics.

Background: Lung cancer stands as the foremost cause of cancer-related fatalities globally. The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) poses a challenge, rendering current targeted tumor therapies ineffective. This study endeavors to investigate a novel therapeutic approach focusing on ferroptosis and delves into the expression of ferroptosis-related genes within lung CSCs.

Successful pregnancy and delivery after HiPorfin photodynamic therapy for cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.

Objective: The study analyzed HiPorfin-Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for young women with cervial high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and evaluated the impact of PDT on their pregnancy and delivery.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 4 patients (21-33 years old) were treated with HiPorfin® (2 mg/kg) PDT in 2019-2022. 1 patient suffered from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)Ⅱ and 3 patients from CIN Ⅲ.

Arnicolide D induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated oncosis via ATF4 and CHOP in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can trigger various cell death mechanisms beyond apoptosis, providing promise in cancer treatment. Oncosis, characterized by cellular swelling and increased membrane permeability, represents a non-apoptotic form of cell death. In our study, we discovered that Arnicolide D (AD), a natural sesquiterpene lactone compound, induces ER stress-mediated oncosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and this process is reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent.

Development and external validation of a quantitative diagnostic model for malignant gastric lesions in clinical opportunistic screening: A multicenter real-world study.

Background: Clinical opportunistic screening is a cost-effective cancer screening modality. This study aimed to establish an easy-to-use diagnostic model serving as a risk stratification tool for identification of individuals with malignant gastric lesions for opportunistic screening.

Methods: We developed a questionnaire-based diagnostic model using a joint dataset including two clinical cohorts from northern and southern China.