AP2/ERF Transcription Factor, , Positively Regulates Lignan Biosynthesis in through Activating Salicylic Acid Signaling and Lignan/Lignin Pathway Genes.

Lignans, such as lariciresinol and its derivatives, have been identified as effective antiviral ingredients in . Evidence suggests that the APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) family might be related to the biosynthesis of lignans in . However, the special role played by the AP2/ERF family in the metabolism and its underlying putative mechanism still need to be elucidated.

Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Rhubarb Water Extracts Inhibit Biofilm Formation.

is one of the most important swine pathogens, which can cause persistent infection by forming biofilms. In this study, sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) of rhubarb water extracts were found to inhibit biofilm formation. Two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs), transcriptional regulators, and DNA binding proteins were compared under two conditions: (1) cells treated with sub-MIC rhubarb water extracts and (2) untreated cells.

LC-0882 targets PAK4 and inhibits PAK4-related signaling pathways to suppress the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells.

Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor and globally the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Therefore, there exists an urgent need to identify new effective gastric cancer treatments. Given the important roles in tumorigenesis and progression, p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) has been regarded as an attractive high-value druggable target.

Selective Tissue Distribution Mediates Tissue-Dependent PPARγ Activation and Insulin Sensitization by INT131, a Selective PPARγ Modulator.

The mechanisms underlying the enhancement of insulin sensitivity by selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ modulators (sPPARγMs) are still not completely known. Here, the representative sPPARγM, INT131, was used as a probe to investigate the insulin-sensitizing mechanisms of sPPARγM in the context of tissue selective compound distribution and PPARγ regulation. First, 30 mg kg INT131 was observed to produce an insulin-sensitizing effect comparable to that of 10 mg kg rosiglitazone (RSG) in both db/db and DIO mice using the oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests.

Metabolic Profiling Analysis of the Alleviation Effect of Treatment with Baicalin on Cinnabar Induced Toxicity in Rats Urine and Serum.

Baicalin is the main bioactive flavonoid constituent isolated from . The mechanisms of protection of liver remain unclear. In this study, H NMR-based metabonomics approach has been used to investigate the alleviation effect of Baicalin.