A new species of Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) with a key to species known from China, Japan and South Korea.

A new species of the genus Förster, 1869, Sheng & Zhou, , collected from Zhangwu, Liaoning Province and Songshan National Natural Reserve, Yanqing, Beijing, China, is described and illustrated. A taxonomic key to the species of known in China is provided.

New and little-known species of Linnaeus (Diptera, Tipulidae) from Laos, with a new synonym.

Only seven species of the genus Linnaeus were previously known to occur in Laos. Here one new species is added to the fauna of Laos, Tipula (Nippotipula) champasakensis (unplaced) Alexander, 1936 is designated as a synonym of (unplaced) Walker, 1848, A key to species of the genus from Laos is presented.

The effect of pH on the chemical and structural interactions between apple polyphenol and starch derived from rice and maize.

To date, how pH affects starch-polyphenol mixtures has not been thoroughly investigated. This study explored the impact of combining apple polyphenol (AP) with both normal rice starch (NRS) and normal maize starch (NMS) across a range of pH conditions. NRS-AP mixture particle sizes across a pH range of 3-8 varied from 169.

Effects of corn distillers dried grains on dough properties and quality of Chinese steamed bread.

Chinese steamed bread (CSB) accounts for 30% of the wheat end-use in China. CSB was studied as a platform for fiber and protein enrichment, employing corn distillers dried grains. Food grade distiller's grain (FDDG) processed from co-products from the corn ethanol industry was used as the enrichment ingredient.

Three new species of subgenus (Cortinariaceae, Agaricales) from China.

is an important ectomycorrhizal genus that forms a symbiotic relationship with certain trees, shrubs and herbs. Recently, we began studying in China and here we describe three new species of Cortinarius subg. Telamonia based on morphological and ecological characteristics, together with phylogenetic analyses.

Selection of aptamers targeted to food-borne pathogenic bacteria .

() is a common marine halophilic food-borne pathogen, mainly found in seafood and food with a high salt content. Gastrointestinal reactions such as diarrhea, headache, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal cramps may occur after eating food infected with . This study aimed to screen for high-affinity aptamers that specifically recognize .

Single-component and competitive adsorption of tetracycline and Zn(ii) on an NHCl-induced magnetic ultra-fine buckwheat peel powder biochar from water: studies on the kinetics, isotherms, and mechanism.

Single-component and competitive adsorption of tetracycline (TC) and Zn(ii) on an NHCl-induced magnetic ultra-fine buckwheat peel powder biochar (NHCl-BHP-char/FeO) was investigated in batch experiments. NHCl-BHP-char/FeO exhibited a large surface area of 1119.097 m g and a total pore volume of 0.

Postintroduction evolution contributes to the successful invasion of .

The evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis states that, when introduced in a novel habitat, invasive species may reallocate resources from costly quantitative defense mechanisms against enemies to dispersal and reproduction; meanwhile, the refinement of EICA suggests that concentrations of toxins used for qualitative defense against generalist herbivores may increase. Previous studies considered that only few genotypes were introduced to the new range, whereas most studies to test the EICA (or the refinement of EICA) hypotheses did not consider founder effects.In this study, genetic and phenotypic data of populations sampled across native and introduced ranges were combined to investigate the role of postintroduction evolution in the successful invasion of .

Yellow pigment formation, pigment composition, and quality of fresh-cut yam () slices.

Fresh-cut yam () slices brown easily and can turn yellow under certain storage conditions. The formation conditions of yellow pigment, pigment composition, and quality of yellow fresh-cut yam slices were investigated in this study. The results showed that storage temperature, gas ratio of packaging, and slice thickness affected the formation of yellow pigmentation.

Quality assessment and variety classification of seed-used pumpkin by-products: Potential values to deep processing.

Seed-used pumpkin (SUP) is known as a traditional popular crop, which is mainly processed for seeds. However, the by-products (49 times the amount of seeds) were disposed directly into the field as waste. In this study, potential values of seed-used pumpkins' by-products (SUPBs, peel and pulp) as food resource were investigated.

Effects of chitosan-based coatings on storage quality of Chinese shrimp.

We investigated the effects of chitosan-based coatings on the preservation quality of refrigerated Chinese shrimp for 12 days. Samples of Chinese shrimp were subjected to three different coating treatments, namely chitosan (CH), chitosan and ε-polylysine (CH + ε-PL), chitosan combined with ε-polylysine and carrageenan (CH + ε-PL + CA), and compared with a control. The bacteriological characteristics [total viable count (TVC)], chemical indexes including pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, K-value, and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), texture (hardness, chewiness, and elasticity), and sensory changes were assessed.

New and noteworthy boletes from subtropical and tropical China.

The morphology, ecology, and phylogenetic relationships of specimens of the family Boletaceae from subtropical and tropical China were investigated. Four species, , , , and , are new to science. and are redescribed.

A carbonised sieve-like corn straw cellulose-graphene oxide composite for organophosphorus pesticide removal.

The development of efficient adsorbents for the removal of organophosphorus pesticides from water is a major challenge. In this work, we prepared an activated carbon derived from sieve-like cellulose/graphene oxide composites (ACCE/G) for the removal of several organophosphorus pesticides. We employed corn straw to produce a sieve-like cellulose-graphene oxide composite (CCE/G); then, by treating CCE/G with potassium hydroxide at high temperatures, the efficient adsorbent ACCE/G was prepared.

Relationships between aboveground biomass and plant cover at two spatial scales and their determinants in northern Tibetan grasslands.

The relationships between cover and AGB for the dominant and widely distributed alpine grasslands on the northern Tibetan Plateau is still not fully examined. The objectives of this study are to answer the following question: (1) How does aboveground biomass (AGB) of alpine grassland relate to plant cover at different spatial scales? (2) What are the major biotic and abiotic factors influencing on AGB-cover relationship? A community survey (species, cover, height, and abundance) was conducted within 1 m × 1 m plots in 70 sites along a precipitation gradient of 50-600 m. Ordinary linear regression was employed to examine AGB-cover relationships of both community and species levels at regional scale of entire grassland and landscape scale of alpine meadow, alpine steppe, and desert steppe.

Comparative Transcriptomics of Strawberries ( spp.) Provides Insights into Evolutionary Patterns.

Multiple closely related species with genomic sequences provide an ideal system for studies on comparative and evolutionary genomics, as well as the mechanism of speciation. The whole genome sequences of six strawberry species ( spp.) have been released, which provide one of the richest genomic resources of any plant genus.

Transcriptome Analysis and Ultrastructure Observation Reveal that Hawthorn Fruit Softening Is due to Cellulose/Hemicellulose Degradation.

Softening, a common phenomenon in many fruits, is a well coordinated and genetically determined process. However, the process of flesh softening during ripening has rarely been described in hawthorn. In this study, we found that 'Ruanrou Shanlihong 3 Hao' fruits became softer during ripening, whereas 'Qiu JinXing' fruits remained hard.

The Relationship between CmADHs and the Diversity of Volatile Organic Compounds of Three Aroma Types of Melon (Cucumis melo).

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) plays an important role in aroma volatile compounds synthesis of plants. In this paper, we tried to explore the relationship between CmADHs and the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in oriental melon. Three different aroma types of melon were used as materials.

The Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Family in Melon (Cucumis melo L.): Bioinformatic Analysis and Expression Patterns.

Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH), encoded by multigene family in plants, play a critical role in plant growth, development, adaptation, fruit ripening and aroma production. Thirteen ADH genes were identified in melon genome, including 12 ADHs and one formaldehyde dehydrogenease (FDH), designated CmADH1-12 and CmFDH1, in which CmADH1 and CmADH2 have been isolated in Cantaloupe. ADH genes shared a lower identity with each other at the protein level and had different intron-exon structure at nucleotide level.

Physiological Characterization and Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of a Slow-Growing Reduced-Thylakoid Mutant of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis).

Mutants are ideal for studying physiological processes. The leaves of Chinese cabbage are a major place for photosynthesis, and the mutation of these leaves may directly affect the rate of plant growth and development, thus influencing the formation of its leafy head. We characterized a slow-growing mutant, which was designated as drm.

Transcriptome Analysis of Brassica rapa Near-Isogenic Lines Carrying Clubroot-Resistant and -Susceptible Alleles in Response to Plasmodiophora brassicae during Early Infection.

Although Plasmodiophora brassicae is one of the most common pathogens worldwide, the causal agent of clubroot disease in Brassica crops, resistance mechanisms to it are still only poorly understood. To study the early defense response induced by P. brassicae infection, a global transcriptome profiling of the roots of two near-isogenic lines (NILs) of clubroot-resistant (CR BJN3-2) and clubroot-susceptible (BJN3-2) Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) was performed by RNA-seq.

A Zinc-Dependent Protease AMZ-tk from a Thermophilic Archaeon is a New Member of the Archaemetzincin Protein Family.

A putative zinc-dependent protease (TK0512) in Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1 shares a conserved motif with archaemetzincins, which are metalloproteases found in archaea, bacteria, and eukarya. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses showed that TK0512 and its homologues in Thermococcaceae represent new members in the archaemetzincins family, which we named AMZ-tk. We further confirmed its proteolytic activity biochemically by overexpression of the recombinant AMZ-tk in Escherichia coli and characterization of the purified enzyme.

The Persimmon 9-lipoxygenase Gene DkLOX3 Plays Positive Roles in Both Promoting Senescence and Enhancing Tolerance to Abiotic Stress.

The lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway is a key regulator for lipid peroxidation, which is crucial for plant senescence and defense pathways. In this study, the transcriptional expression patterns of three persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. 'Fupingjianshi') 9-lipoxygenase genes (DkLOX1, DkLOX3, and DkLOX4) were investigated.

Proteome profiling of heat, oxidative, and salt stress responses in Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1.

The thermophilic species, Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1, a model microorganism for studying hyperthermophiles, has adapted to optimal growth under conditions of high temperature and salinity. However, the environmental conditions for the strain are not always stable, and this strain might face different stresses. In the present study, we compared the proteome response of T.

Construction of chromosome segment substitution lines enables QTL mapping for flowering and morphological traits in Brassica rapa.

Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) represent a powerful method for precise quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection of complex agronomical traits in plants. In this study, we used a marker-assisted backcrossing strategy to develop a population consisting of 63 CSSLs, derived from backcrossing of the F1 generated from a cross between two Brassica rapa subspecies: "Chiifu" (ssp. pekinensis), the Brassica "A" genome-represented line used as the donor, and "49caixin" (ssp.