Do Stay at Home Orders and Cloth Face Coverings Control COVID-19 in New York City? Results From a SIER Model Based on Real-world Data.

Background: Public health interventions have been implemented to contain the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in New York City. However, the assessment of those interventions-for example, social distancing and cloth face coverings-based on real-world data from published studies is lacking.

Methods: The Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) compartmental model was used to evaluate the effect of social distancing and cloth face coverings on the daily culminative laboratory confirmed cases in New York City (NYC) and COVID-19 transmissibility.

Influences of domain knowledge on segmentation and memory.

Much research has shown that experts possess superior memory in their domain of expertise. This memory benefit has been proposed to be the result of various encoding mechanisms, such as chunking and differentiation. Another potential encoding mechanism that is associated with memory is event segmentation, which is the process by which people parse continuous information into meaningful, discrete units.

Causal Relationship Between the Spread of the COVID-19 and Geopolitical Risks in Emerging Economies.

This study investigates the causality between the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by new cases per million and new deaths per million) and geopolitical risks (measured by the index of geopolitical risks). We use the balanced panel data framework in 18 emerging economies from January 2020 to August 2020. We run the initial tests of cross-sectional dependence and the panel unit root tests with capturing cross-sectional dependence.

The Association Between Pain and Fall Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese.

Background: Falls and fall-induced injuries in elderly people are common worldwide. However, few reports have examined the association between body pain and fall in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. The objective of this study is to access the association between pain and fall among middle-aged and older Chinese.

Genome Wide Epistasis Study of On-Statin Cardiovascular Events with Iterative Feature Reduction and Selection.

Predicting risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is an evidence-based practice that incorporates lifestyle, history, and other risk factors. Statins reduce risk for MACE by decreasing lipids, but it is difficult to stratify risk following initiation of a statin. Genetic risk determinants for on-statin MACE are low-effect size and impossible to generalize.

Symptom clusters and quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis across the lifespan.

Purpose: To describe symptom clusters based on severity of co-occurring symptoms among adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) by age groups and to further examine symptom clusters as a correlate of quality of life (QOL) by age groups.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled persons with MS between 20 and 79 years of age who completed measures of fatigue, depression, anxiety, sleep quality, and QOL using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. Bivariate correlation and partial correlation analyses examined associations among symptoms, QOL, and MS characteristics.

Report of the 2019-2020 AACP Student Affairs Standing Committee.

The 2019-2020 Student Affairs Standing Committee addressed charges related to professional identity formation (PIF) in order to set direction and propose action steps consistent with Priority #3.4 of the AACP Strategic Plan, which states "Academic-practice partnerships and pharmacist-involved practice models that lead to the progress of Interprofessional Practice (IPP) are evident and promoted at all colleges and schools of pharmacy." To this end, the committee was charged to 1) outline key elements of PIF, 2) explore the relationship between formal curricular learning activities and co- or extra-curricular activities in supporting PIF, 3) determine the degree to which there is evidence that strong PIF is embedded in student pharmacists' educational experience, and 4) define strategies and draft an action plan for AACP's role in advancing efforts of schools to establish strong PIF in pharmacy graduates.

Dietary intake of adults with and without diabetes: results from NHANES 2013-2016.

Introduction: Diet is a critical aspect of the management of adults with diabetes. This paper aims to compare dietary intakes of key macronutrients and micronutrients of US adults with and without diabetes and across the spectrum of diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We compared absolute and energy-adjusted dietary intake of major macronutrients and micronutrients among those with and without diabetes and across the spectrum of glycemic control using a 24-hour dietary recall from a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of 9939 US adults, 20+ years old (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016).

Multivariate relationships between peripheral inflammatory marker subtypes and cognitive and brain structural measures in psychosis.

Elevations in peripheral inflammatory markers have been reported in patients with psychosis. Whether this represents an inflammatory process defined by individual or subgroups of markers is unclear. Further, relationships between peripheral inflammatory marker elevations and brain structure, cognition, and clinical features of psychosis remain unclear.

Performance-Based Risk-Sharing Arrangements (PBRSA): Is it a Solution to Increase Bang for the Buck for Pharmaceutical Reimbursement Strategy for Our Nation and Around the World?

Due to the risks involved in not achieving desired health outcomes for the dollar spent on drugs, healthcare decision makers, including payers, providers, drug manufacturers, and patients, need a mechanism to share this financial risk among the involved parties. Performance-based risk-sharing arrangements (PBRSAs) are agreements that can potentially reduce the 'drug lag' in which patients wait for an unknown amount of time until a particular drug is covered under their health plan. In addition, PBRSAs can mitigate the risk of investing heavily in drugs that are ineffective or do not deliver good value or "bang for the buck".

Does Exposure to Primary Care Early in the Didactic Phase of the Physician Assistant (PA) Curriculum Influence Field Choice Post-Graduation?

Background: Over the past 10 years, the nation has witnessed a significant increase in the number of physician assistant (PA) education programs. Primary care shortages throughout the United States have reached a staggering deficiency. The purpose of this project was to expand the primary care workforce in the Commonwealth of Virginia by increasing exposure to primary care setting early in the academic didactic year of physician assistant schooling.

Novel Therapies in Acute Migraine Management: Small-Molecule Calcitonin Gene-Receptor Antagonists and Serotonin 1F Receptor Agonist.

Objective: To review the efficacy, safety, and cost of 3 newly approved agents-ubrogepant, lasmiditan, and rimegepant-representing 2 therapeutic classes, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist and serotonin 1F (5-HT) agonists, for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura.

Data Sources: The Institute of Health US National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials, PubMed, and Cochrane databases were queried. Abstracts, journal articles, and other relevant sources published or present were reviewed.

Intelligent micro-/nanorobots as drug and cell carrier devices for biomedical therapeutic advancement: Promising development opportunities and translational challenges.

Nanotechnology and microfabrication approaches are playing instrumental roles in the development of innovative technologies to fight human diseases. Because of promising in vitro and preclinical outcomes, micro-/nanorobots (MNRs), are increasingly being considered for personalized and precision therapeutic diagnoses, sensing, drug delivery, and surgery. Today, designing MNR-based devices to improve the safety and efficacy of drugs for targeted cells and tissues represents a novel and promising area of therapeutic development.

Romosozumab: A first-in-class sclerostin inhibitor for osteoporosis.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to review the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of the sclerostin inhibitor romosozumab for the treatment of osteoporosis, including data from clinical trials of the drug.

Summary: A review of the literature was performed by searching PubMed and MEDLINE for all relevant articles published between January 2014 and February 2020 using the keywords romosozumab, romosozumab-aqqg, osteoporosis, and fracture. All relevant English-language articles evaluating the pharmacology, efficacy, or safety of romosozumab for the treatment of osteoporosis in humans were included; poster presentations were excluded.

Stigma, attitudes, and intentions to seek mental health services in college student-athletes.

To investigate predictors of mental health help-seeking as well as identify topics for which college student-athletes are most likely to seek help. Student-athletes ( = 328) from three Division II and III universities. Participants completed a survey packet on stigma, attitudes, and intentions toward seeking mental health services as well as willingness to seek help for specific topics.

Developing Physical Assessment Skills in Pharmacy Students through Participation in a Creative Movement Workshop: An Interdisciplinary Study between Pharmacy and Dance.

The role a pharmacist plays in the care of patients is continually changing and expanding. Most recently, there is movement towards including pharmacists in the physical assessment of patients. We developed a creative movement workshop with the purpose of increasing students' levels of comfort with touch, ability to interpret non-verbal mannerisms, to increase empathy for the patient, and to increase student comfort in conducting physical exams.

Examining HSD3B1 as a possible biomarker to detect prostate cancer patients who are likely to progress on ADT.

The Chemohormonal Therapy vs Androgen Ablation Randomized Trial for Extensive Disease in Prostate Cancer (CHAARTED) was a randomized phase III trial that evaluated the outcomes of men with metastatic prostate cancer who received castration with or without docetaxel. Patients from this trial were genotyped in a recent study to detect HSD3B1 variance and to determine 2-y freedom from castration-resistant prostate cancer as well as overall survival. The results of this study identified HSD3B1 as a possible biomarker that can be used to predict response to therapy in patients with metastatic disease.

Comparison of Narrow-Versus Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics in Elderly Patients With Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background: Little evidence is available regarding the choice of empiric antibiotic therapy in elderly patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The primary objective of this study is to compare the outcomes of elderly patients receiving broad- versus narrow-spectrum antibiotics during hospitalization for AECOPD.

Design: A multicenter, retrospective, cohort analysis was performed.

Identifying vaccination rates of adult patients in ambulatory care clinics.

Background: While pharmacists have provided vaccinations to patients in the community pharmacy setting, pharmacist involvement within the medical office setting is not well documented in the literature. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists reports that ambulatory care pharmacists are screening for and administering vaccinations at a declining rate, despite standards of practice. Vaccination rates for adults 19-64 years of age remain low, based on Healthy People 2020 goals, putting them at risk for vaccine-preventable diseases.

Is there an association among sleep duration, nap, and stroke? Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the association among nighttime sleep, daytime napping, total sleep duration (nighttime sleep plus daytime napping), and stroke in an elderly Chinese population.

Methods: Data were derived from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) with 4785 Chinese respondents over 65 years old. Four binary logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of the association among total sleep duration, nighttime sleep, daytime napping, and stroke, adjusting for confounders.