Depicting Primate-Like Granular Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in the Chinese Tree Shrew.

It remains unknown whether the Chinese tree shrew, regarded as the closest sister of primate, has evolved a dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) comparable with primates that is characterized by a fourth layer (L4) enriched with granular cells and reciprocal connections with the mediodorsal nucleus (MD). Here, we reported that following AAV-hSyn-EGFP expression in the MD neurons, the fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography revealed their projection trajectories and targeted brain areas, such as the hippocampus, the corpus striatum, and the dlPFC. Cre-dependent transsynaptic viral tracing identified the MD projection terminals that targeted the L4 of the dlPFC, in which the presence of granular cells was confirmed via cytoarchitectural studies by using the Nissl, Golgi, and vGlut2 stainings.

Genistein inhibits angiogenesis developed during rheumatoid arthritis through the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/VEGF signalling pathway.

Background: Angiogenesis plays an important role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which increases the supply of nutrients, cytokines, and inflammatory cells to the synovial membrane. Genistein (GEN), a soy-derived isoflavone, has been validated that can effectively inhibit the angiogenesis of several tumours. We thus carried out a study in vitro to investigate the effect of GEN in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and angiogenesis induced by the inflammatory environment of RA.

Fracture healing in a collagen-induced arthritis rat model: Radiology and histology evidence.

This research was designed to investigate the fracture healing pattern in a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rat model. A mid-shaft femur fracture (RA + F) model and normal fracture (NF) model as control were established. Micro-CT, H&E staining, TB staining, SO staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphates, and immunohistochemistry test were performed.

Attenuation of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in rat by nicotinic alpha7 receptor partial agonist GTS-21.

This research was performed to observe the effect of GTS-21 on Collagen Induced Arthritis (CIA). CIA model was used and after the onset of arthritis, the rats were divided into three groups based on their clinical symptoms score. Two groups were intraperitoneally (IP) injected daily with GTS-21 (1 mg/kg, 2.

Genistein: the potential for efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs. Without treatment, inflammation leads to cartilage damage, bone erosions, joint destruction, and impaired movement. Because of the limited success of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, the exploration of new anti-rheumatic drugs with high efficacy and less toxicity is eagerly needed.

Advances in research on animal models of rheumatoid arthritis.

At present, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a type of autoimmune disease. Its pathology is not certain, and effective drugs with less toxicity have not been established. The establishment and application of animal models are effective methods for RA research, especially using animal models similar to humans.

Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a general review.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is difficult to cure. Many methods have been used for its treatment, among which traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been considered as an important strategy. All of the three parts of TCM: Chinese herbs, acupuncture, and massage have been reported with varying degrees of therapeutic effects on RA.

Potential use of erythromycin to prevent and treat prosthetic failure.

Prolonged prosthetic life span is a goal that orthopedic surgeons are pursuing. Both septic and aseptic loosening may lead to prosthetic failure. For decades, antibiotics have been applied in arthroplasty to prevent septic loosening, with excellent clinical results, although few therapies have been able to prevent aseptic loosening.