[INTEGRATING SEX AND GENDER DIFFERENCES/GENDER MEDICINE INTO THE FACULTY OF MEDICINE CURRICULUM].

In recent decades, the recognition of the importance of sex, gender and their interrelationship for health research and for the practice of medicine has grown. Accordingly, the move to include gender medicine in medical school curricula has gained momentum in many countries. This article reviews the challenges of integrating this subject into medical school curricula and details the recent initiative to mainstream gender medicine into the six-year curriculum of the Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical School in Jerusalem, Israel.

AI's pivotal impact on redefining stakeholder roles and their interactions in medical education and health care.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize medical training, diagnostics, treatment planning, and healthcare delivery while also bringing challenges such as data privacy, the risk of technological overreliance, and the preservation of critical thinking. This manuscript explores the impact of AI and Machine Learning (ML) on healthcare interactions, focusing on faculty, students, clinicians, and patients. AI and ML's early inclusion in the medical curriculum will support student-centered learning; however, all stakeholders will require specialized training to bridge the gap between medical practice and technological innovation.

Postoperative Antibiotics May Be Unnecessary in Pediatric Patients Hospitalized With Minor Odontogenic Infections.

Background: Antibiotic overuse is a growing concern in health care. For pediatric odontogenic infections, the necessity of postoperative antibiotics lacks clear, evidence-based guidelines.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare treatment outcomes between pediatric patients hospitalized with vestibular space odontogenic infections who received postoperative antibiotics and those who did not.

Effect of Supplemental Oxygen on Physiological Responses to Exercise in Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease.

Purpose: We studied the effect of O 2 supplementation on physiological response to exercise in patients with moderate to severe interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Methods: Thirteen patients (age 66 ± 10 yr, 7 males) with ILD (total lung capacity, 71% ± 22% predicted; carbon monoxide diffusion capacity, 44% ± 16% predicted) and 13 healthy individuals (age 50 ± 17 yr, 7 males) were tested. ILD patients performed symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise tests and constant work rate (WR) tests at 80% of the WR at the gas exchange threshold.

A Rare Case of Renal Sarcoma Mimicking Metastatic Osteosarcoma.

Pediatric renal sarcomas are exceedingly rare entities that present diagnostic challenges. We report a remarkable case of a 14-month-old female with an 8 cm right renal mass, accompanied by disseminated bone metastases, posing intricate clinical and histopathological dilemmas. Initial suspicion leaned towards clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK), however, subsequent histological examination post-chemotherapy revealed high-grade osteosarcoma and further differential considerations arose, including primary renal osteosarcoma and osseous osteosarcoma with secondary renal involvement.

Targeted genotyping for recurring variants in cancer susceptibility genes in non-Ashkenazi Jewish patients with breast cancer diagnosed ≥50 years.

Purpose: Several recurring pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA1/BRCA2 and additional cancer susceptibility genes are described in the ethnically diverse Israeli population. Since 2019, testing for these recurring PVs is reimbursed unselectively for all patients with breast cancer (BC) in Israel. The aim was to evaluate the yield of genotyping for these PVs in non-Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) patients with BC diagnosed ≥age 50 years.

Management of acute COPD exacerbations in the internal medicine departments in Israel-a national survey.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) drastically affect the clinical course of the disease. We aimed to evaluate the treatment of AECOPD in the internal medicine departments in Israel, nationwide.

PET-CT underestimates the true pathological extent of disease at lymphadenectomy for melanoma patients after systemic therapy.

Introduction: Modern systemic therapy has revolutionized the treatment of melanoma. Currently, patients with clinically involved lymph nodes require lymphadenectomy with associated morbidities. Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography (PET-CT) has demonstrated accuracy in melanoma detection and response to therapy.

Can Condylectomy Alone Achieve Facial Symmetry in Patients With Hemimandibular Hyperplasia (Condylar Hyperplasia Type 2)?

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the 3-dimensional orofacial changes occurring after proportional condylectomy in patients with unilateral condylar hyperplasia type 2 (hemimandibular hyperplasia). Eight patients underwent proportional condylectomy that was not followed by orthognathic surgery or orthodontic treatment for at least 1 year. The precondylectomy and postcondylectomy photographs and radiographs were analyzed cephalometrically and compared.

Same disease - different effect: maternal diabetes impact on birth weight stratified by fetal sex.

Background: Male-sex is an independent risk factor for adverse perinatal outcomes. One example is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is associated with large gestational age neonates. It was previously described that fetal glucose metabolism is affected by fetal sex.

Serum claudin-5 levels among patients with unipolar and bipolar depression in relation to the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels.

Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammation and neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction contribute to depression via disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Claudin-5, an endothelial tight-junction protein expressed in the NVU and contributing to BBB integrity, has been implicated in psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia. In an animal model of depressive-like behavior, the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was found to affect BBB permeability and claudin-5 expression of NVU endothelial cells.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria infections of the pleura: A systematic review.

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pleuritis is an uncommon manifestation of NTM infection. Case reports and small case series have shown a variable clinical course and high mortality rates.

Objective: To describe patients' characteristics, clinical presentation and outcomes of NTM pleural infections.

Diagnostic Rechallenge with F-FCH PET/CT Often Allows Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy While Maintaining Exceptional Cure Rates.

Background: Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) has gained acceptance as the preferred surgical procedure for management of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). Appropriate selection of patients for a MIP is a crucial step in its utilization. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of F-FCH PET/CT as second-line imaging for accurately directing MIP.

Migraine treatment with external concurrent occipital and trigeminal neurostimulation-A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of concurrent non-invasive stimulation of occipital and trigeminal nerves in acute treatment of migraine with or without aura.

Background: Non-invasive neuromodulation devices stimulating a single peripheral nerve or anatomic distribution are routinely used by patients with migraine refractory to the first-line drugs or those who opt out of pharmaceutical treatment. Concurrent occipital and trigeminal stimulation was described in an invasive setting, and its safety cost outweighed its efficacy gain.

Pleuritis due to without pulmonary infection.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) may cause pulmonary and extra-pulmonary disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Pleuritis is an uncommon manifestation on NTM disease, and pleuritis caused by has only been described once before. Because it is considered to be an environmental contaminant, isolation of from bronchopulmonary secretions or other sites is often dismissed.

External Concurrent Occipital and Trigeminal Neurostimulation Relieves Migraine Headache: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Current external peripheral nerve stimulation devices stimulate only one nerve. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial assessed efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a novel external combined occipital and trigeminal neurostimulation (eCOT-NS) device as a self-administered home treatment for migraine (RelivionMG, Neurolief Ltd; Netanya, Israel).

Methods: Episodic and chronic migraine subjects (N = 55) were randomized to receive active (n = 27) or sham (n = 28) treatment.

Development of a prediction model for ascent and descent staircase independence during the sub-acute rehabilitation phase in individuals post-stroke.

Background: Nearly half of individuals post-stroke are dependent in their daily activities. The ability to ascend and descend stairs is an important component of independence in the community.

Objective: To predict the future ability of post-stroke individuals at the beginning of the sub-acute rehabilitation phase to achieve ascending and descending staircase independence.

Repeat Cytoreductive Surgery and Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer Peritoneal Recurrences is Safe and Efficacious.

Background: Cytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) for colorectal cancer peritoneal metastases (CRPM) is associated with improved survival in patients with historically dismal prognosis. Nonetheless, peritoneal recurrences remain common and represent a difficult challenge in these patients' management. Repeat CRS/HIPEC is associated with even greater morbidity and its survival benefit has not yet been clearly demonstrated.

The Effect of Previous Methylphenidate Use on Incidence of Stress Fractures in Military Recruits: A Retrospective Cohort.

Background: Previous research has detected an increased risk of stress fractures among subjects who reported previous use of methylphenidate. Conversely, stimulant medication use has been associated with traumatic fracture risk reduction, possibly because of the improved control of the underlying symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of previous methylphenidate use on the incidence of traumatic and stress fractures among combat soldiers with previously treated and untreated ADHD.

The Genetics of Usher Syndrome in the Israeli and Palestinian Populations.

Purpose: Usher syndrome (USH) is the most common cause for deaf-blindness. It is genetically and clinically heterogeneous and prevalent in populations with high consanguinity rate. We aim to characterize the set of genes and mutations that cause USH in the Israeli and Palestinian populations.

Gastrointestinal perforation in light chain amyloidosis in the era of novel agent therapy - a case series and review of the literature.

Gastrointestinal (GI) perforation is remarkably rare in patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis and has not yet been reported in patients with AL amyloidosis treated with novel agents. Only 24 cases of GI perforation have previously been reported in the setting of AL amyloidosis of which 15 had available information in English. All 15 did not receive novel agent therapy and six died early after experiencing GI perforation.

Stercoral colitis: a lethal disease-computed tomographic findings and clinical characteristic.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the radiographic findings in stercoral colitis.

Methods: The computed tomographic scans and abdominal radiographs of 13 patients with surgically and pathologically confirmed stercoral colitis from 4 affiliated hospitals were reviewed by a board-certified abdominal radiologist blinded to the official imaging, surgical, and pathologic findings.

Results: The median age was 66 years.

Vulvar cancer metastatic to the breast.

Background: Vulvar cancer rarely sends metastases to distant sites.

Case: A 49-year-old female presented with a vulvar mass. The histologic examination revealed an infiltrating lesion with free surgical margins and no evidence of lymph node involvement.

The use of external fixation for the treatment of spine infection with Actinomyces bacillus.

Objective: External fixation can be used for stabilization of the spine in salvage cases, especially in cases of infection of the spine. The advantages of this method are avoiding the needs for internal fixation devices and for postoperative bracing. The literature on this is scant.