Artifacts Deceive: The Electroretinogram in the Electroencephalogram of a teenager with cerebral anoxia.

Artifacts on an electroencephalogram (EEG) - whether physiologic or non-physiologic - can be common and are important to recognize to prevent errors in interpretation. One such EEG artifact is an electroretinogram (ERG) artifact which occurs during photic stimulation. Typically, of a low amplitude, its presence is usually obscured by normal EEG activity over the frontopolar channels but it can appear prominent in very suppressed or EEG recordings showing electrocerebral inactivity.

"Oh My Sleeping Child" … Narcolepsy Type 1 in a 22-Month-Old Boy.

Pediatric narcolepsy is a complex disorder with unique diagnostic challenges. It is diagnosed with a combination of clinical presentation, polysomnogram with multiple sleep latency test (PSG with MSLT), and occasionally, hypocretin-1 (orexin) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This report describes a 22-month-old boy experiencing excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and frequent falls.

Health and Healthcare Disparities in Pediatric Epilepsy in the United States: A Scoping Review.

Objectives: Health disparities impact epilepsy care in children. Previous efforts to summarize data in this population have been limited. This study sought to understand how this information exists in the literature and identify gaps in knowledge.

High-Density (HD) Scalp EEG Findings in "Benign" Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (BCECTS).

Despite characteristic clinical and scalp EEG findings, BCECTS pathophysiology is unclear regarding involvement of large-scale neuronal networks. Higher number of scalp electrodes with HD-EEG may promote accurate localization of the cortical generators in BCECTS providing additional insight in those with neurocognitive problems. We aimed to determine the value of visual interpretation of topographical maps using 256 channels (when compared to standard 21 channel array) HD-EEG in BCECTS and attempted to source localize interictal discharges (IEDs) using Geosource 2 software.

Novel De Novo Heterozygous Variants in the Gene Causing ZTTK Syndrome: A Case Report of Two Patients and Review of Neurological Findings.

Zhu-Tokita-Takenouchi-Kim (ZTTK) syndrome is a newly described autosomal dominant multisystem developmental disorder resulting from a mutation of the SON gene located on chromosome region 21q22.11. It is characterized by heterogeneous features such as intellectual disability, facial dysmorphisms, poor feeding, vision abnormalities, musculoskeletal anomalies, congenital heart and genitourinary system defects, as well as several unique neurological findings including seizures, tone abnormalities, autism spectrum disorder and variable brain abnormalities noted on neuroimaging.

Health Disparities in Pediatric Epilepsy: Methods and Lessons Learned.

Epilepsy affects 1% of youth and is associated with neurocognitive and psychosocial comorbidities, increased risk of mortality, and poor health-related outcomes. Health disparities in children and youth with epilepsy (CYE) have been understudied. A Special Interest Group (SIG) within the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium is conducting a scoping review to systematically assess the literature and highlight the gaps in access to clinical care and management of pediatric epilepsy.