Fingerprinting hyperglycemia using predictive modelling approach based on low-cost routine CBC and CRP diagnostics.

Hyperglycemia is an outcome of dysregulated glucose homeostasis in the human body and may induce chronic elevation of blood glucose levels. Lifestyle factors such as overnutrition, physical inactivity, and psychosocials coupled with systemic low-grade inflammation have a strong negative impact on glucose homeostasis, in particular, insulin sensitivity. Together, these factors contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetes (DM) and expanding landscape of its prevalence regionally and globally.

Renal Riddles Unveiled: Decoding Homogeneous Kidney Enlargement in Multiple Myeloma.

Renal plasmacytoma is a rare extramedullary manifestation of plasma cell neoplasms (PCN). We present the case of a 62-year-old male with a history of relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (MM) who developed secondary renal plasmacytoma after an eight-year remission period. Radiological findings on plain CT raised concern for the most common renal malignancy, i.

Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Secondary Renal Amyloidosis: A Rare Complication of Atezolizumab.

Lung cancer is the second most common malignancy in both genders and the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Broadly, lung cancer is divided into two types: small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 85% of the diagnoses of lung cancer.

The Expression of Mucin-4 (MUC4) in Sarcomas Apart From Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma and Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma.

Background Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) and sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) are two rare but aggressive soft tissue sarcomas that can be difficult to distinguish due to histopathological similarities. The present study examines the diagnostic capacities of mucin-4 (MUC4), a transmembrane mucin, in identifying different types of sarcomas and broadens its evaluation to include a wide range of sarcomas. Methods Immunohistochemical (IHC) examination of tissue samples from various sarcomas was performed using a mouse anti-MUC4 monoclonal antibody.

Anesthetic Management of Emergency Insulinoma Resection: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Insulinoma, a neuroendocrine tumor originating from pancreatic islets, presents unique challenges in diagnosis and management. We present a case of a 73-year-old female with recurrent hypoglycemia leading to syncope, who underwent emergency pancreatectomy for a secreting insulinoma with multiple comorbidities. This case report aims to shed light on the complexities of insulinoma management and the importance of tailored perioperative strategies.

A rare case report of recurrent primary intra-abdominal synovial sarcoma: An unusual manifestation.

Synovial sarcomas are a rare and aggressive subtype of soft tissue sarcomas that typically affects young adults and involves the extremities. Synovial sarcoma of the kidney is a rare and aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis, accounting for only 1% of all renal tumors. The imaging features of this tumor often overlap with those of other renal tumors, and a definitive diagnosis can only be made through immunohistochemical analysis.

Rapidly growing massive abdominal sarcomatoid carcinoma on F18-FDG PET-CT scan.

Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare type of tumour and most commonly arises in the lungs. However, rarely can it also be found in the abdomen. Sarcomatoid tumours are aggressive with large tumoural volume showing cancerous epithelial cells mixed with sarcomatous (nerve, muscle, fat etc.

Invasive fungal infection by saprochaeta capitata in an immunocompromised child- a case report from cancer hospital in Pakistan.

Saprochaeta Capitata is an emerging fungus known to cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. Here, we describe the case of a 4-year-old male child seen in Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, after obtaining informed consent from the parents. He had Pre-B ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia) and contracted this infection during induction chemotherapy.

Disease Outcomes of COVID-19 in Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients During the Hospital Stay.

Background A single-stranded RNA genome-encapsulated virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is known to cause severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans. People with diabetes and hypertension are often more susceptible to developing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and experience a disproportionately higher rate of morbidity and death compared to the general population. The COVID-19 pandemic has become an urgent worldwide issue.

A Normotensive Case of Pheochromocytoma With Unusual Presentation of Abdominal Pain.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is an inherited, autosomal dominant condition characterized by primary parathyroid hyperplasia, medullary thyroid neoplasm, and pheochromocytoma. It most commonly presents with medullary thyroid cancer and less frequently with other complaints. Pheochromocytoma can also manifest through gastrointestinal complaints such as abdominal pain, nausea, and constipation.

Clinical and Etiological Exploration of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit of a Developing Country.

Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a critical concern in the intensive care unit (ICU), with significant implications for patient outcomes. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of VAP in an ICU of a developing country, identify the predominant etiological factors, assess patient outcomes, and underscore the need for tailored interventions in high-risk patient groups. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 589 ICU patients who underwent ventilator-assisted breathing for over 48 hours.

The Use of Trimodality Treatment in Patients With Locally Advanced Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Experience From a Large Cancer Centre in Pakistan.

Introduction Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery is the standard treatment for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Pathological complete response (pCR) after surgery is associated with better outcomes in terms of overall survival and disease-free survival.

Calcium channel blockers for preventing cardiomyopathy due to iron overload in people with transfusion-dependent beta thalassaemia.

Background: Beta-thalassaemia is an inherited blood disorder that reduces the production of haemoglobin. The most severe form requires recurrent blood transfusions, which can lead to iron overload. Cardiovascular dysfunction caused by iron overload is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia.

The mortality of COVID-19 in CML patients from 2020 until 2022: results from the EPICOVIDEHA survey.

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an overall improvement in patient mortality. However, haematological malignancy patients continue to experience significant impacts from COVID-19, including high rates of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and mortality. In comparison to other haematological malignancy patients, individuals with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) generally have better prognosis.

The new wave of Congo virus in Pakistan: emerging threat.

Congo virus, or Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), is a tick-borne disease caused by a single-stranded RNA virus (genus nairovirus, Bunyaviridae family). It spreads through infected ticks' bites or contact with viremic individuals or livestock. Factors supporting its spread include hot, humid climates, limited pesticide use, poor animal control, inadequate irrigation during monsoons, and vector control deficiencies.

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria presenting with recurrent epistaxis: a case report.

Background: Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP), also known as pink tooth or Gunther disease, is a rare hereditary disorder caused by an enzyme mutation in the heme biosynthesis pathway, which leads to the accumulation of immature and non-physiological protoporphyrin rings in various tissues. CEP is characterized by sun-exposed bullous skin lesions, hemolytic anemia, red/brown urine, and teeth staining.

Case Presentation: We present a unique case of a 10-year-old Asian boy with CEP who presented with recurrent epistaxis, an unusual presentation for this condition.

Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline variants in an unselected pancreatic cancer patient cohort in Pakistan.

Background: BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) are the most frequently investigated genes among Caucasian pancreatic cancer patients, whereas limited reports are available among Asians. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of BRCA1/2 germline variants in Pakistani pancreatic cancer patients.

Methods: One hundred and fifty unselected and prospectively enrolled pancreatic cancer patients were comprehensively screened for BRCA1/2 germline variants using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution melting analyses, followed by DNA sequencing of the variant fragments.

Survival Outcomes and Patterns of Failure in Maxillary Alveolus Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

 Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the maxillary alveolus is a relatively rare disease. There is lack of data on this subsite as compared with other sites. The factors that affect survival in cases of maxillary alveolar SCC are tumor stage, local and cervical metastases, histological grading, and the margin status.

Prophylactic Use Of Levofloxacin During Induction Of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia In Children-Experience From Pakistan.

To assess whether prophylactic use of Levofloxacin would reduce the number of febrile neutropenia episodes during the induction phase, a single-centre, case-control study was carried out. Data was collected prospectively of patients who received Levofloxacin prophylaxis during the induction chemotherapy from September 2019 till October 2020. The cases were compared with historical controls who did not receive antibiotics prophylaxis.

Limb Salvage Surgery in a Voluminous Malignant Quadriceps Tumor.

It is uncommon for soft tissue sarcomas to develop after adenocarcinoma of the rectum. In a treated rectal adenocarcinoma patient, we encountered a huge malignant quadriceps tumor as leiomyosarcoma and salvaged the limb. A 49-year-old male known case of treated moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum presented in the Orthopedic Clinic with a new swelling in his left thigh.

Determination of Normal Anal Position Using the Anal Position Index in Pakistani Neonates.

Introduction: Anterior displacement of the anus (ADA) is recognized as a common congenital abnormality of the anorectal region and is often associated with constipation. It is diagnosed through a physical examination by measuring the Anal Position Index (API) at birth.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing non-probability consecutive sampling of all patients presenting with ADA at our institute over a six-month period.

Pan Drug-Resistant Salmonella Serovar Typhi Septicaemia In A Child: A Case Report.

Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, is a common cause of febrile illness, especially in lower middle-income countries. The only known reservoirs of this infection are humans, and it is prevalent in areas with limited availability of clean drinking water and sanitary conditions. Lately, extensively drug-resistant Salmonella ser.

prediction of non-synonymous variants and their impact on binding affinity to Fresolimumab.

TGF-β1 is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine that plays diverse roles in development, bone healing, fibrosis, and cancer. However, characterizing gene variants is challenging because the structural and functional consequences of these variants are still undetermined. In this study, we aimed to perform an analysis of non-synonymous variants and their pathogenic effects on the TGF-β1 protein.