Efficacy of glyceryl trinitrate in reducing cardiac events when given concomitantly with capecitabine for at least 3 months in various tumors.

Capecitabine is an oral pro-drug of 5-flourouracil used in treatment of different cancers. It has cardiotoxicity incidence of 3-35%, which can be significant enough to cause myocardial infarction. To evaluate the efficacy of glyceryl trinitrate in reducing cardiac events when given concomitantly with capecitabine for at least 3 months in various tumors.

Temporal and spatial patterns of eggs: a potential threat to human health in Pakistan.

This study investigates the presence of eggs in soil samples collected from urban areas in Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 3600 soil samples were collected over two years from Lahore's urban regions. The detection of helminth eggs in these samples was performed using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as a diagnostic technique.

Regional and National Trends in Consumption of Antimicrobials in Pakistan; Pre and Post-COVID (2019-2021).

Background: Efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance, a growing public health problem in Pakistan, have been hampered by the lack of high-quality national and provincial-level antimicrobial consumption data. The singular objective of this retrospective study was to measure antimicrobial consumption over 3 years between 2019 and 2021.

Methods: The study was designed to estimate antimicrobial consumption at National and Regional levels.

Rectosigmoid resection morbidity in ovarian cancer cytoreductive surgery.

This case series evaluated morbidity following rectosigmoid resection during cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer at the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore. The data of 20 female patients with complications corresponding to the Clavien-Dindo classification was included; the patients received treatment between January 2016 and January 2021. The mean age was 45.

Grading Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate; ISUP versus GUPS Recommendations.

Objective:  To evaluate the frequency of intraductal component (IDC-P) in prostatic adenocarcinoma and its effect on the final grade using the ISUP and GUPS grading system.

Study Design:  Descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, between June 2021 and June 2022.

A Prospective Evaluation of the Association of Ureteral Wall Thickness With Intraoperative Stone Impaction in Ureteroscopy.

Background and objective In this study, we aimed to analyze the association of ureteral wall thickness (UWT) measured on non-contrast CT (NCCT) with stone impaction as found in ureteroscopy (URS). Materials and methods We analyzed 43 patients who underwent URS and pneumatic/laser lithotripsy for ureteric stones from May to November 2022. The UWT was measured by an experienced radiologist on NCCT.

Efficacy and safety of combination of empagliflozin and metformin with combination of sitagliptin and metformin during Ramadan: an observational study.

Background: Management of diabetes during fasting is a clinical challenge. Sodium glucose co-transporter -2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are considered safe with a low risk of hypoglycemia. However, studies on SGLT2i are scarce.

Spectrum of germline pathogenic variants using a targeted next generation sequencing panel and genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with suspected hereditary breast cancer at an academic medical centre in Pakistan.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, affecting over 1.5 million women every year, which accounts for the highest number of cancer-related deaths in women globally. Hereditary breast cancer (HBC), an important subset of breast cancer, accounts for 5-10% of total cases.

Benign pituitary adenoma with multiple intracranial metastases-a case report and review of the literature.

Metastatic benign pituitary adenomas (PAs), also known as pituitary carcinomas (PCs), represent 0.1-0.2% of all intracranial lesions.

Comparison of three standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens based on pathological tumor response in breast cancer patients.

We compared the efficacy of different neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens and pathological factors related to higher pCR in localized breast cancer. This comparative retrospective study included 313 patients with breast carcinoma who received neoadjuvant therapy from January 2017 till July 31, 2019 at our institute. Patients were grouped in 3 different categories according to the treatment arms.

Comparison between shear wave elastography and serological findings for the evaluation of fibrosis in chronic liver disease.

In this study, we sought to examine the optimal cutoff values for predicting different stages of liver fibrosis, and to determine the level of agreement between shear wave elastography and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) scores in patients with chronic liver disease. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed at the Radiology Department of Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital Lahore from 1 Jun 2019 until 1 June 2020. FIB-4 and APRI scores were determined by the following formula: FIB-4 = (age × AST) ÷ (platelet count × (√ (ALT)) and APRI = (AST÷AST upper limit of normal) ÷ platelet × 100.

Knowledge gaps and perceptions of future research directions on management of diabetes during Ramadan fasting: An online survey of physicians.

Objectives: Current knowledge and research on diabetes and Ramadan form the basis for evidence-based clinical practice. In this context, we aimed to explore physicians' perceptions of current knowledge gaps about research fasting (RF), barriers to, and foreseeable directions for advancement of the field.

Methods: We conducted an online survey of a convenience sample of 260 physicians from 27 countries.

Suprasellar Meningiomas: An Experience of Four Cases With Brief Review of Literature.

Suprasellar meningiomas make a relevant differential when it comes to sellar/suprasellar masses. The most common pathology in this location is pituitary adenomas. It is imperative to differentiate the two entities based on imaging as the clinical picture, and sometimes the biochemical profile can show significant overlap.

Type 2 diabetes prevalence in Pakistan: what is driving this? Clues from subgroup analysis of normal weight individuals in diabetes prevalence survey of Pakistan.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health tissue. We determined factors relating to the likelihood of developing T2DM in normal BMI individuals.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional community-based representative survey, of people aged ≥20 years in Pakistan, using HBA1c as the screening tool.

Glucocrinology of Modern Sulfonylureas: Clinical Evidence and Practice-Based Opinion from an International Expert Group.

Aim: The primary objective of this document is to develop practice-based expert group opinion on certain important but less discussed endocrine and metabolic effects of modern sulfonylureas (SUs) and their usage in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM).

Background: Modern SUs may be considered a panacea in DM care with their beneficial extra-pancreatic, pleiotropic, and cardiovascular effects. Safe glycemic control with SUs could be achieved with appropriate patient selection, drug and dosage selection, and patient empowerment.

Euthymia in Diabetes: Clinical Evidence and Practice-Based Opinion from an International Expert Group.

Aim: To develop an evidence-based expert group opinion on various types of euthymia associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and its management.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome characterized by diverse biomedical and psychosocial features. Emotional health disturbances may lead to psychological and psychiatric dysfunction and may negatively influence glycemic control.

Location of appendix in pregnancy: does it change?

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the change in anatomical location of appendix in full-term pregnancy.

Study Design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Liaquat National University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, Department of General Surgery, January 01 to July 31, 2010.

Consensus Recommendations on Sulfonylurea and Sulfonylurea Combinations in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - International Task Force.

For decades, sulfonylureas (SUs) have been important drugs in the antidiabetic therapeutic armamentarium. They have been used as monotherapy as well as combination therapy. Focus on newer drugs and concerns about the risk of severe hypoglycemia and weight gain with some SUs have led to discussion on their safety and utility.

Subclinical hypothyroidism: Controversies to consensus.

Diagnoses of subclinicaal hypothyroidism (SCH) is biochemically made, when serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels is elevated while free thyroid hormone levels are within normal reference range. SCH is diagnosed after excluding all other causes of elevated TSH levels. Symptoms of SCH may vary from being asymptomatic to having mild nonspecific symptoms.

Malignant pyloro-duodenal obstruction: role of self expandable metallic stents.

Objective: To determine the outcome of duodenal stenting in palliation of patients with malignant pyloric and duodenal obstruction.

Methods: The non-randomised prospective descriptive study was conducted at the Endoscopy Suite, Surgical Unit-IV, Civil Hospital, Karachi, from December 2007 to November 2010. All patients presenting with inoperable ampullary, pancreatic or biliary cancers causing duodenal obstruction and patients with resectable malignancy but unfit for surgery were included.