Synergistic effect of porous carbon shell confinement and catalytic conversion of nickel nanoparticle cores for improved lithium-sulfur batteries.

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are some of the most promising energy storage systems to break the ceiling of Li-ion batteries. However, the notorious shuttle effect and slow redox kinetics give rise to low sulfur utilization and discharge capacity, poor rate performance, and fast capacity decay. It is proved that the reasonable design of the electrocatalyst is one of the important ways to improve the electrochemical performance of LSBs.