Broadening Horizons: Exploring the Cathepsin Family as Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an intricate neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins, including beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, leading to cognitive decline. Despite decades of research, the precise mechanisms underlying its onset and progression remain elusive. Cathepsins are a family of lysosomal enzymes that play vital roles in cellular processes, including protein degradation and regulation of immune responses.

Physiological and transcriptomic changes of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in response to Isopropylate Triphenyl Phosphate (IPPP) exposure.

Isopropylate Triphenyl Phosphate (IPPP), a novel organophosphorus flame retardant, has become a widespread environmental pollutant. However, the toxic effects and mechanisms of IPPP remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the neurodevelopmental toxicity effects of IPPP on zebrafish embryonic development, neurobehavior, and physiological and transcriptomic changes.

Reduced syncytin-1 regulates trophoblast invasion and apoptosis in preeclampsia.

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder characterized by de novo development of hypertension and proteinuria over 20 weeks gestation that has been associated with the dysfunction of trophoblasts. Current evidence suggests that syncytin-1 plays an important role in the non-fusogenic biological activity of trophoblasts, except for specific fusogenic function. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Revealing the characteristics of SETD2-mutated clear cell renal cell carcinoma through tumor heterogeneity analysis.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most prevalent type of malignant kidney tumor in adults, with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) comprising about 75% of all cases. The SETD2 gene, which is involved in the modification of histone proteins, is often found to have alterations in ccRCC. Yet, our understanding of how these SETD2 mutations affect ccRCC characteristics and behavior within the tumor microenvironment is still not fully understood.

RT-RPA-Ago detection platform for one-tube simultaneous typing diagnosis of human respiratory syncytial virus.

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the most prevalent pathogen contributing to acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in infants and young children and can lead to significant financial and medical costs. Here, we developed a simultaneous, dual-gene and ultrasensitive detection system for typing HRSV within 60 minutes that needs only minimum laboratory support. Briefly, multiplex integrating reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) was performed with viral RNA extracted from nasopharyngeal swabs as a template for the amplification of the specific regions of subtypes A (HRSV) and B (HRSV) of HRSV.

Patient-reported outcomes in lung cancer surgery: A narrative review.

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, profoundly affecting patients' quality of life. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) provide essential insights from the patients' perspective, a crucial aspect often overlooked by traditional clinical outcomes. This review synthesizes research on the role of PROs in lung cancer surgery to enhance patient care and outcomes.

Fc receptor-like A promotes malignant behavior in renal cell carcinoma and correlates with tumor immune infiltration.

Background: Our study aims to investigate the mechanisms through which Fc receptor-like A (FCRLA) promotes renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to examine its significance in relation to tumor immune infiltration.

Materials And Methods: The correlation between FCRLA and data clinically related to RCC was explored using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), then validated using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) gene chip data. Enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed for FCRLA and its co-expressed genes.

The MondoA-dependent TXNIP/GDF15 axis predicts oxaliplatin response in colorectal adenocarcinomas.

Chemotherapy, the standard of care treatment for cancer patients with advanced disease, has been increasingly recognized to activate host immune responses to produce durable outcomes. Here, in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) we identify oxaliplatin-induced Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP), a MondoA-dependent tumor suppressor gene, as a negative regulator of Growth/Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15). GDF15 is a negative prognostic factor in CRC and promotes the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which inhibit CD8 T-cell activation.

Association of triglyceride-glucose index with the risk of incident aortic dissection and aneurysm: a large-scale prospective cohort study in UK Biobank.

Background: Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is an emerging surrogate indicator of insulin resistance, which has been demonstrated as a risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases including coronary syndrome, in-stent restenosis, and heart failure. However, association of TyG index with incident aortic dissection (AD) and aortic aneurysm (AA) remains to be investigated.

Methods: This study included 420,292 participants without baseline AD/AA from the large-scale prospective UK Biobank cohort.

Intravenous injection of nattokinase-heparin electrostatic complex improves the therapeutic effect of advanced tumors by dissolving cancer-related thrombosis.

Aims: Cancer-related thrombosis (CAT) is a common complication in cancer patients, significantly impacting their quality of life and survival prospects. Nattokinase (NK) has potent thrombolytic properties, however, its efficacy is limited by low oral bioavailability and the risk of severe allergic reactions with intravenous use. Heparin (HP) is a widely used anticoagulant in clinical settings.

Targeting undruggable phosphatase overcomes trastuzumab resistance by inhibiting multi-oncogenic kinases.

Aims: Resistance to targeted therapy is one of the critical obstacles in cancer management. Resistance to trastuzumab frequently develops in the treatment for HER2 cancers. The role of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in trastuzumab resistance is not well understood.

Mechanism of desuccinylation of G6PD mediated by SIRT7 to promote vitiligo disease progression.

Background: Sirtuin 7 (SIRT7) is pivotal in diverse diseases progression. Importantly, SIRT7 is associated with melanin production. However, whether SIRT7 regulates vitiligo is unclear.

Advancement in the development of DNA vaccines against Trypanosoma brucei and future perspective.

Trypanosomes are the extracellular protozoan parasites that cause human African trypanosomiasis disease in humans and nagana disease in animals. Tsetse flies act as a vector for the transmission of the disease in African countries. Animals infected with these parasites become useless or workless, and if not treated, disease can be fatal.

Development of a baculoviral CRISPR/Cas9 vector system for beta-2-microglobulin knockout in human pluripotent stem cells.

Derivation of hypoimmunogenic human cells from genetically manipulated pluripotent stem cells holds great promise for future transplantation medicine and adoptive immunotherapy. Disruption of beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) in pluripotent stem cells followed by differentiation into specialized cell types is a promising approach to derive hypoimmunogenic cells. Given the attractive features of CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing tool and baculoviral delivery system, baculovirus can deliver CRISPR/Cas9 components for site-specific gene editing of B2M.

Mental health among school children and adolescents in China: A comparison of one-child and multiple-children families from a nationwide survey.

The influence of China's "one-child" policy on the mental health of children and adolescents is still unclear. This study examined the associations between number of children and children's mental health using data from the national school children and adolescents survey of China. Mental health was measured using the Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).

Clinical and preclinical studies of mesenchymal stem cells to alleviate peritoneal fibrosis.

Peritoneal dialysis is an important part of end-stage kidney disease replacement therapy. However, prolonged peritoneal dialysis can result in peritoneal fibrosis and ultrafiltration failure, forcing patients to withdraw from peritoneal dialysis treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for some effective measures to alleviate the occurrence and progression of peritoneal fibrosis.

Gut Microbiome and Atherosclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: According to recent studies, atherosclerosis and gut microbiota are related. Nevertheless, it has been discovered that the gut microbiota varies across studies, with its function still being debated, and such relationships not proven to be causal. Thus, our study aimed to identify the key gut microbiota taxa (GM taxa) at different taxonomic levels, namely, the phylum, class, order, family, and genus, to investigate any potential causal links to atherosclerosis.