Quinazolinone Derivative MR2938 Protects DSS-Induced Barrier Dysfunction in Mice Through Regulating Gut Microbiota.

: Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is characterized by colorectal immune infiltration and significant microbiota compositional changes. Gut microbiota homeostasis is necessary to maintain the healthy state of humans. MR2938, a quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivative derived from the marine natural product penipanoid C, alleviated DSS-induced colitis in a dose-dependent manner.

Antibody Responses and the Vaccine Efficacy of Recombinant Glycosyltransferase and Nicastrin Against .

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease and the second most common parasitic disease after malaria. While praziquantel remains the primary treatment, concerns about drug resistance highlight the urgent need for new drugs and effective vaccines to achieve sustainable control. Previous proteomic studies from our group revealed that the expression of glycosyltransferase and nicastrin as proteins was higher in single-sex males than mated males, suggesting their critical roles in parasite reproduction and their potential as vaccine candidates.

A New Self-Made 16-Channel Capacitive Electrocardiography System: An Investigation and Validation for Non-Contact Electrodes.

Generally, the electrocardiography (ECG) system plays an important role in preventing and diagnosing heart diseases. To further improve the amenity and convenience of using an ECG system, we built a customized capacitive electrocardiography (cECG) system with one wet electrode, sixteen non-contact electrodes, two ADS1299 chips, and one STM32F303-based microcontroller unit (MCU). This new cECG system could acquire, save, and display the ECG data in real time.

Studies on the High-Power Piezoelectric Property Measurement Methods and Decoupling the Power and Temperature Effects on PZT-5H.

For those piezoelectric materials that operate under high-power conditions, the piezoelectric and dielectric properties obtained under small signal conditions cannot be directly applied to high-power transducers. There are three mainstream high-power characterization methods: the constant voltage method, the constant current method, and the transient method. In this study, we developed and verified a combined impedance method that integrated the advantages of the constant voltage and current methods, along with an improved transient method, for high-power testing of PZT-5H piezoelectric ceramics.

Reinforcement Learning-Based Resource Allocation Scheme of NR-V2X Sidelink for Joint Communication and Sensing.

Joint communication and sensing (JCS) is becoming an important trend in 6G, owing to its efficient utilization of spectrums and hardware resources. Utilizing echoes of the same signal can achieve the object location sensing function, in addition to the V2X communication function. There is application potential for JCS systems in the fields of ADAS and unmanned autos.

Dual-Mechanism Study of Metal-Free g-CN Catalysts for Advanced Oxidation Under Non-Photocatalytic Conditions.

Metal-free materials have been proved to be promising replacements of traditional metal-based catalysts for advanced oxidation reactions. Carbon nitride was found to be able to activate HO and generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Nevertheless, the performance of carbon nitride is highly dependent on an external light source.

Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Dual-Ion Batteries with T-NbO/Nitrogen-Doped Three-Dimensional Porous Carbon Composites.

Niobium pentoxide (T-NbO) is a promising anode material for dual-ion batteries due to its high lithium capacity and fast ion storage and release mechanism. However, T-NbO suffers from the disadvantages of poor electrical conductivity and fast cycling capacity decay. Herein, a nitrogen-doped three-dimensional porous carbon (RMF) was prepared for loading niobium pentoxide to construct a composite system with excellent electrochemical performance.

Comparative Analysis of Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from Five Varieties of Extracted via Supercritical Fluid Extraction.

This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of five essential oils (LEOs) using the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy technique and to assess their antibacterial activity against four marine species, including , , , and . Sensitivity tests were performed using the disk diffusion and serial dilution methods. The results showed that all five LEOs exhibited antibacterial activity against the four tested marine species.

Effect of Eight-Week Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation Combined with Lat Pull-Down Resistance Training on Improving Pull-Up Performance for Male College Students.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of 8-week transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) combined with resistance training (RT) on pull-up performance in male college students. Twenty-five male college students were randomly assigned to either RT combined with anodal tDCS stimulation (RT + tDCS) or RT alone (RT). Participants of both groups engaged in lat pull-down training programs for 8 weeks, with the RT + tDCS group receiving 20 min tDCS before each RT session.

Two Small Peptides from Hydrolysates Exhibit Antitumor Activity Through Inhibition of TNF-α-Mediated Signal Transduction Pathways.

The scorpion Karsch is edible and has been an essential resource in traditional Chinese medicine for treating numerous diseases. In this study, two small peptides from hydrolysates were examined to elucidate their potential against gastric cancer. The small peptides (AK and GK) were identified using the LC-QTOF-MS-based approach.

The Influence of Mg Doping in α-AlO Crystals Investigated with First-Principles Calculations and Experiment.

The influence of Mg doping in α-AlO crystals is investigated in this article by first-principles calculations and formation energies, density of states, and computed absorption spectra. Three models related to Mg substituting for Al doping structures were constructed, as well as spinel structure models with varying aluminum-magnesium ratios. The formation energy calculations confirmed the rationality of the MgV model, which means that Mg substitutional doping incorporating oxygen vacancies is most likely to form in crystals.

Effect of Inherent Mg/Ti Interface Structure on Element Segregation and Bonding Behavior: An Ab Initio Study.

To provide insight into the interface structure in Ti particle-reinforced Mg matrix composites, this study investigates the inherent Mg/Ti interface structure formed during the solidification of supercooled Mg melt on a (0001)Ti substrate using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and density function theory (DFT) calculation. The resulting interface exhibits an orientation relationship of 0001Mg//0001Ti with a lattice mismatch of approximately 8%. Detailed characterizations reveal the occurrences of 0001Mg plane rotation and vacancy formation to overcome the lattice mismatch at the inherent Mg/Ti interface while allowing Mg atoms to occupy the energetically favorable hollow sites above the Ti atomic layer.

Deformation Behavior of Inconel 625 Alloy with TPMS Structure.

Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs) are known for their smooth, fully interconnected, and naturally porous characteristics, offering a superior alternative to traditional porous structures. These structures often suffer from stress concentration and a lack of adjustability. Using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), we have fabricated Inconel 625 sheet-based TPMS lattice structures with four distinct topologies: Primitive, IWP, Diamond, and Gyroid.

T700 Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Resin Composite Material Hygrothermal Aging Model.

The hygrothermal aging model, based on Fick's second law of diffusion, characterizes the degradation of engineering constants in T700 carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites. It focuses on changes in the tensile modulus, shear modulus, and transverse Poisson's ratio due to moisture absorption and temperature variations. The model validates through mass change observations before and after seawater immersion, along with surface morphology assessments and tensile experiments.

AlN/FeNi Microwave-Attenuating Ceramics with High-Efficiency Thermal Conductivity and Microwave Absorption.

The integration, miniaturization, and high frequency of microwave vacuum electronics put forward higher requirements for heat-conducting and wave-absorbing integrated materials. However, these materials must balance the dispersion and isolation of wave-absorbing components to optimize absorption while maintaining the continuity of thermal conductivity pathways with low defect rates and minimal interfaces. This presents a significant challenge in achieving both high thermal conductivity and efficient wave absorption simultaneously.

Fatigue Life Prediction of FRP-Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams Based on Soft Computing Techniques.

This paper establishes fatigue life prediction models using the soft computing method to address insufficient parameter consideration and limited computational accuracy in predicting the fatigue life of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthened concrete beams. Five different input forms were proposed by collecting 117 sets of fatigue test data of FRP-strengthened concrete beams from the existing literature and integrating the outcomes from Pearson correlation analysis and significance testing. Using Gene Expression Programming (GEP), the effects of various input configurations on the accuracy of model predictions were examined.

Mechanism of Transcription Factor ChbZIP1 Enhanced Alkaline Stress Tolerance in .

Alkaline environments such as alkaline lands, lakes, and industrial wastewater are not conducive to the growth of plants and microorganisms due to high pH and salinity. ChbZIP1 is a bZIP family transcription factor isolated from an alkaliphilic microalgae ( sp. BLD).

Advances and Future Trends in Nanozyme-Based SERS Sensors for Food Safety, Environmental and Biomedical Applications.

Nanozymes, a kind of nanoparticles with enzyme-mimicking activities, have attracted considerable attention due to their robust catalytic properties, ease of preparation, and resistance to harsh conditions. By combining nanozymes with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology, highly sensitive and selective sensors have been developed. These sensors are capable of detecting a wide range of analytes, such as foodborne toxins, environmental pollutants, and biomedical markers.

A Lateral Line Specific Mucin Involved in Cupula Growth and Vibration Detection in Zebrafish.

The lateral line system in fish is crucial for detecting water flow, which facilitates various behaviors such as prey detection, predator avoidance, and rheotaxis. The cupula, a gelatinous structure overlaying the hair cells in neuromasts, plays a key role in transmitting mechanical stimuli to hair cells. However, the molecular composition of the cupula matrix remains poorly understood.

Cu-Ion Hybrid Porous Carbon with Nanoarchitectonics Derived from Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Biomass as Ultrahigh-Performance Supercapacitor.

It is challenging to handle heavy-metal-rich plants that grow in contaminated soil. The role of heavy metals in biomass on the physicochemical structure and electrochemical properties of their derived carbon has not been considered in previous research. In this study, Cu-ion hybrid nanoporous carbon (CHNC) is prepared from Cu content-contaminated biomass through subcritical hydrocharization (HTC) coupling pyrolytic activation processes.

Pharmacodynamic Mechanisms of Cicadae Periostracum in Parkinson's Disease: A Metabolomics-Based Study.

Cicadae Periostracum (CP) is a traditional Chinese animal-derived medicine with the potential to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aims to explore the pharmacodynamic mechanisms of CP against PD-based on metabolomics technology and provide a theoretical basis for developing new anti-PD medicine. First, MPP-induced SH-SY5Y cells were used to evaluate the anti-PD activity of CP.

Microbial Composition Change and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Response to Organic Fertilization Reduction in Greenhouse Soil.

Increased application of organic fertilizer is an effective measure to improve greenhouse soil quality. However, prolonged and intensive application of organic manure has caused nutrient and certain heavy metal accumulation in greenhouse soil. Therefore, the optimal quantity of organic manure required to sustain soil fertility while mitigating the accumulation of heavy metals and other nutrients resulting from continuous application remains unclear.

Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Potential Biomarkers and Prominent Features in HIV/AIDS Patients Co-Infected with SARS-CoV-2.

The underlying mechanisms and diagnostic biomarkers for the progress of COVID-19 in HIV patients have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the aim is to analyze the metabolomic profiles of HIV/AIDS patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and to identify biomarkers indicative of co-infection. In this study, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of peripheral blood samples collected from 30 HIV/AIDS patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 (pc group) and 30 patients without SARS-CoV-2 (nc group).

Comparative Genomics Reveals Evidence of the Genome Reduction and Metabolic Potentials of Isolated from Challenger Deep Sediment of the Mariana Trench.

Hadal zones account for the deepest 45% of oceanic depth range and play an important role in ocean biogeochemical cycles. As the least-explored aquatic habitat on earth, further investigation is still required to fully elucidate the microbial taxonomy, ecological significance, metabolic diversity, and adaptation in hadal environments. In this study, a novel strain Lsc_1132 was isolated from sediment of the Mariana Trench at 10,954 m in depth.

Mycobacteria Exploit Host GPR84 to Dampen Pro-Inflammatory Responses and Promote Infection in Macrophages.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains the major cause of mortality and morbidity, causing approximately 1.3 million deaths annually. As a highly successful pathogen, () has evolved numerous strategies to evade host immune responses, making it essential to understand the interactions between and host cells.