[Astragalus polysaccharides improve adipose tissue aging in naturally aged mice via indole-3-lactic acid].

Plant polysaccharides are effective components that widely present in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), exhibiting rich biological activities. However, as most plant polysaccharides cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by the human digestive system, it is now believed that their mode of action mainly involves interaction with intestinal microbiota, leading to the production of functional small molecules. The efficacy of Astragalus polysaccharide(APS) is extensive, including weight loss, improvement of fatty liver, reduction of blood lipids, and enhancement of insulin sensitivity, which may also be related to the regulation of intestinal microbiota.

Fluorinated chitosan mediated transepithelial delivery of sanguinarine-loaded platinum (IV) prodrug for intravesical instillation therapy of muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy is first-line strategy to inhibit progression and metastasis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, its clinical efficacy is often limited by drug resistance and severe systemic side effects, highlighting the urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Despite advancements in cisplatin-based regimens, research on intravesical cisplatin delivery systems remains scarce.

Mitochondrial DNA-activated cGAS-STING pathway in cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a circular double-stranded DNA located within mitochondria, plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial-induced innate immunity, particularly via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-STING pathway, which recognizes double-stranded DNA and is crucial for pathogen resistance. Recent studies elucidate the interplay among mtDNA, the cGAS-STING pathway, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the context of cancer. mtDNA uptake by recipient cells activates the cGAS-STING pathway, while mtDNA leakage reciprocally regulates NET release, amplifying inflammation and promoting NETosis, a mechanism of tumor cell death.

Robust long-tailed recognition with distribution-aware adversarial example generation.

Confronting adversarial attacks and data imbalances, attaining adversarial robustness under long-tailed distribution presents a challenging problem. Adversarial training (AT) is a conventional solution for enhancing adversarial robustness, which generates adversarial examples (AEs) in a generation phase and subsequently trains on these AEs in a training phase. Existing long-tailed adversarial learning methods follow the AT framework and rebalance the AE classification in the training phase.

Salvianolic acid C promotes renal gluconeogenesis in fibrotic kidneys through PGC1α.

Impaired renal gluconeogenesis is recently identified as a hallmark of chronic kidney disease. However, the therapeutic approach to promote renal gluconeogenesis in CKD is still lacking. We aimed to study whether Salvianolic acid C (SAC), a nature compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Danshen, inhibits renal fibrosis through promotion of gluconeogenesis.

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and immunogenicity of HLX14 versus reference denosumab in healthy males: A randomized phase I study.

Denosumab is a human IgG2 monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) for the treatment of osteoporosis and bone loss. HLX14 is a proposed biosimilar of denosumab. This randomized, parallel-group, two-part, phase I study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and immunogenicity of HLX14 with reference denosumab in Chinese healthy adult male participants.

Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 patients with hepatitis B virus super-infection.

COVID-19 and hepatitis B disease are significant global pandemics, both of which can lead to liver damage. This study aims to report the clinical course of liver function and disease prognosis of COVID-19 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) super-infections. A total of 249 outpatients with COVID-19 were enrolled in this study from December 1, 2023 to February 28, 2024.

Girard Derivatization-Based Enrichment Strategy for Profiling the Carbonyl Submetabolome in Biological Samples.

Numerous bioactive compounds containing carbonyl groups, including aldehydes and ketones, are widely acknowledged as potential biomarkers for several diseases and are implicated in the development of metabolic disorders. However, the detection of carbonyl metabolites is hindered by challenges, such as poor ionization efficiency, low biological concentration, instability, and complexity of the sample matrix. To overcome these limitations, we developed a Girard derivatization-based enrichment (GDBE) strategy for capturing and comprehensively profiling carbonyl metabolites in biological samples.

Effect of Acupuncture Intervention on Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Hemodialysis-Dependent Kidney Failure Patients: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: Chronic musculoskeletal pain is prevalent in individuals with hemodialysis-dependent renal failure (HDKF). The current opioid crisis highlights the urgent need for effective non-pharmacological pain management. Acupuncture, identified as a non-pharmacological intervention in clinical settings, holds promise for alleviating chronic musculoskeletal pain in HDKF patients, but well-designed studies assessing its specific effects in this population are lacking.

The associations of dietary manganese, iron, copper, zinc, selenium and magnesium with cognitive outcomes in Chinese adults: a cross sectional study in Shanghai.

Introduction: The role of individual nutrients including vitamins and minerals in cognitive function gained increasing attention in recent years. With regard to the association between dietary minerals and cognitive function, the results of human studies are inconclusive. The objective of this study was to explore the association between mineral intake and cognitive function using the data from Shanghai Health and Nutrition Survey (SHNS) in 2018.

Advances in applying somatosensory interaction technology in geriatric care: A bibliometric analysis.

Objectives: Somatosensory Interaction Technology (SIT) is used in various aspects of geriatric care. We aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis to summarize relevant publications and visualize publication characteristics, current hotspots, and development trends, thereby inspiring subsequent researches.

Methods: We searched the Web of Science Core Collection database for publications on the application of SIT in geriatric care.

Rewiring the disordered connectome with circuit-based paired stimulation after stroke-a randomized, double-blind and controlled Phase II trial.

The cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation, a combined stimulation based on two brain regions, may be an effective strategy for stroke rehabilitation. Our aim was to confirm that the cortico-cortical paired associative stimulation strengthens the connection between brain regions in the motor circuit and promotes improvements in motor function. This was a randomized double-blind, controlled Phase II trial.

UPLC-MS/MS Combined with Microdialysis for Determination of Two Active Components of Chuanxiong Rhizoma Extracts in Rat Brain: Application in Pharmacokinetic Study.

Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used to treat various nervous and cardiovascular system-related conditions. Its active components, senkyunolide A (SA) and 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), have been proven effective in treating nervous system diseases. A new method was established based on microdialysis coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to estimate the concentrations of these components in brain extracellular fluid.

Vascular volume changes in radiological patterns of usual interstitial pneumonia in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: This research primarily focuses on exploring the changes in intrapulmonary vascular volume (IPVV) in radiological patterns of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), thereby inferring the possible mechanisms of the co-occurrence of diabetes and UIP patterns.

Methods: Thin-layer data were post-processed on the basis of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and quantitatively assessed for IPVV. Changes in IPVV were compared between T2DM combined with UIP modality and T2DM non-UIP modality.

Integrated network pharmacology and transcriptomics to explore the mechanism of compound Dihuang granule (CDG) protects dopaminergic neurons by regulating the Nrf2/HMOX1 pathway in the 6-OHDA/MPP-induced model of Parkinson's disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative neurological disease that worsens over time. Ferroptosis has been proven to contribute to PD pathogenesis. CDG exhibits neuroprotective effects.

External validation of the ICU-CARB score to predict carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria carriage in critically ill patients upon ICU admission: a multicenter analysis.

Background: Recognition of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) carriage is frequently delayed, which increases the risk of subsequent infection and transmission. Previously, we developed a scoring system to identify CR-GNB carriage upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Although the ICU-CARB score showed satisfactory performance, it has not been externally validated.

Integrating genetic and clinical data to predict lung cancer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is closely linked to lung cancer (LC) development. The aim of this study is to identify the genetic and clinical risk factors for LC risk in COPD, according to which the prediction model for LC in COPD was constructed.

Methods: This is a case-control study in which patientis with COPD + LC as the case group, patientis with only COPD as the control group, and patientis with only LC as the second control group.

Construction of a prognostic model based on disulfidptosis-related genes and identification of CCNA2 as a novel biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Disulfidptosis, identified as an innovative form of cellular death subsequent to cuproptosis, is currently under investigation for its mechanisms in oncological contexts. In-depth analyses exploring the relationship between disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are currently limited.

Methods: Transcriptomic data and clinical information were retrieved from the TCGA and GEO databases (GSE76427 and GSE54236), concentrating on the expression levels of 24 DRGs.

Risk factors for readmission within one year after acute exacerbations of bronchiectasis in a Chinese tertiary hospital: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Frequent exacerbations of bronchiectasis lead to poor quality of life, impaired lung function, and higher mortality rates. This study aims to evaluate the risk factors associated with readmission within one year due to acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis (AEB).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on 260 patients with bronchiectasis who were hospitalized in the respiratory and critical care department of a tertiary hospital in China.

Multiple effects of kisspeptin on neuroendocrine, reproduction, and metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent and heterogeneous disease characterized by a combination of reproductive and endocrine abnormalities, often associated with metabolic and mental health disorders. The etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS remain unclear, but recent research has increasingly focused on the upstream mechanisms underlying its development. Among these, kisspeptin (KISS) signaling has emerged as a pivotal component in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, with significant roles in reproductive function, energy regulation, and metabolism.

Global Distribution of Colorectal Cancer Staging at Diagnosis: An Evidence Synthesis.

Background And Aims: Stage at diagnosis is a key prognostic factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) survival. We aimed to assess the global distribution of CRC staging at diagnosis using population-based or hospital-based registry data.

Methods: We systematically searched in MEDLINE and Embase from their inception until 6 December 2023.

Association between glyphosate exposure and cardiovascular health using "Life's Essential 8" metrics in US adults.

Background: Glyphosate, as one of the most widely used herbicides worldwide, has been reclassified as a potential carcinogen and linked to multiple health problems. Recent data from animal experiments have proved its potential cardiovascular toxicity. However, whether glyphosate exposure influences human cardiovascular health at the population levels remains unknown.

Novel models by machine learning to predict the risk of cardiac disease-specific death in young patients with breast cancer.

Background: With the tremendous leap of various adjuvant therapies, breast cancer (BC)-related deaths have decreased significantly. Increasing attention was focused on the effect of cardiac disease on BC survivors, while limited existing population-based studies lay emphasis on the young age population.

Method: Data of BC patients aged less than 50 years was collected from the SEER database.

Research progress on the anti-tumor effects of euphorbia humifusa.

EH (Euphorbia Humifusa) is commonly known as ground spurge, contains various compounds such as flavonoids, triterpenes, coumarins, sterols, tannins, and phenolic acids. It exerts a wide spectrum of properties including anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, anti-viral, hypoglycemic, and anti-tumor. In this article, we focus on the antitumor effects of EH and its active constituents, providing evidence for further research on this medicinal herb.