Twenty-Five Years of Evolution and Hurdles in Electronic Health Records and Interoperability in Medical Research: Comprehensive Review.

Background: Electronic health records (EHRs) facilitate the accessibility and sharing of patient data among various health care providers, contributing to more coordinated and efficient care.

Objective: This study aimed to summarize the evolution of secondary use of EHRs and their interoperability in medical research over the past 25 years.

Methods: We conducted an extensive literature search in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using the keywords Electronic health record and Electronic medical record in the title or abstract and Medical research in all fields from 2000 to 2024.

Site-Specific Molecular Engineering of Nanobody-Glucoside Conjugates for Enhanced Brain Tumor Targeting.

Nanobodies play an increasingly prominent role in cancer imaging and therapy. However, their efficacy is often constrained by inadequate tumor penetration and rapid clearance from the bloodstream, particularly in brain tumors due to the intractable blood-brain barrier (BBB). Glycosylation is a favorable strategy for modulating the biological functions of nanobodies, including permeability and pharmacokinetics, but it also leads to heterogeneous glycan structures, which affect the targeting ability, stability, and quality of nanobodies.

FDG PET/CT in a Case of Gardner Syndrome.

Gardner syndrome is characterized by multiple intestinal polyps and extraintestinal lesions. We describe FDG PET/CT findings of the extraintestinal lesions in a patient with Gardner syndrome. FDG PET/CT showed 2 hypermetabolic desmoid tumors in the abdominal wall, sclerotic areas with multifocal activity in the maxilla and mandible, multiple osteomas in the bilateral parietal, left frontal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones, an impacted tooth in the right maxilla, and bone islands in the T2 and T5 vertebral bodies.

Effects of body weight-supported Tai Chi Yunshou training on upper limb motor function in stroke patients: A three-arm parallel randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To form a unique body weight support-Tai Chi Yunshou (BWS-TCY) training method, apply it to the treatment of upper limb dysfunction after stroke, and provide a new safe and effective treatment method for the clinic.

Methods: A total of 93 subjects were recruited and randomly divided into conventional rehabilitation treatment (CRT) group, BWS-TCY group and traditional robot-assisted training (RAT) group in equal proportions. Subjects in the CRT group received 60 minutes of CRT daily.

Characterization of Key Lipid Components in the Cell Membrane of Freeze-Drying Resistant Strains Using Nontargeted Lipidomics.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are usually freeze-dried into powder for transportation and storage, with the bacterial membrane playing a crucial role in this process. However, different strains exhibit different levels of freeze-drying resistance in their cell membranes. In this study, () strains 1F20, K56, and J5, demonstrating survival rates of 59.

Structural Similarity in Natural Products Leading to Sample Misidentification: A Case Study of the Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids Oxyacanthine and Berbamine.

The similar structures of natural compounds and the absence of NMR data for commercial products raise the risk of misidentification. This work reports a case in which purchased samples labeled as "berbamine" from 14 suppliers are oxyacanthine (). The NMR data of all purchased samples were consistent.

Dysregulation of LINC01094 is involved in the pathogenesis of pulpitis by regulating the miR-340-5p expression.

Pulpitis seriously affects people's living standards and dental health, so identifying effective therapeutic targets is crucial for pulpitis. The research aimed to explore the underlying regulatory mechanism of LINC01094 and miR-340-5p in pulpitis. The study involved a total of 173 subjects (97 pulpitis and 76 healthy individuals).

Remodeling and Characterization Analysis of Corticospinal Tract in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Basal Ganglia.

To investigate corticospinal tract (CST) injury and remodeling in patients with basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and explore the characterization capabilities of the corresponding parameters. In this prospective study, baseline, scale, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data were collected from patient cohorts. Participants were stratified into favorable (0-3 points) and unfavorable (4-6 points) prognosis groups, based on Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) after 3-6 months.

Integrating CT-based radiomics and clinical features to better predict the prognosis of acute pancreatitis.

Objectives: To develop and validate the performance of CT-based radiomics models for predicting the prognosis of acute pancreatitis.

Methods: All 344 patients (51 ± 15 years, 171 men) in a first episode of acute pancreatitis (AP) were retrospectively enrolled and randomly divided into training (n = 206), validation (n = 69), and test (n = 69) sets with the ratio of 6:2:2. The patients were dichotomized into good and poor prognosis subgroups based on follow-up CT and clinical data.

Prognostic and therapeutic implications of measurable residual disease levels during remission induction of childhood ALL.

We evaluated the prognostic and therapeutic significance of measurable residual disease (MRD) during remission induction in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. In the CCCG-ALL-2015 protocol, 7640 patients were categorized into low-, intermediate-, or high-risk groups based on clinical and genetic features. Final risk classification was determined by MRD assessed via flow cytometry on Days 19 and 46 of remission induction, with additional intensified chemotherapy for Day 19 MRD ≥1%.

Biomarkers.

Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) were reported to contribute to the thinning of regional cortex connected to WMH in cerebral small vessel disease. However, the relationship between WMH and regional changes in WMH-connected cortex in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between WMH and regional cortical thickness, amyloid and tau deposition, and synaptic density changes in the WMH-connected cortex.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with substantial synaptic loss potentially due to synaptotoxicity of fibrillar tau, but the association between tau deposition and synaptic loss remains unclear. Based on previous observations that pathology spreads preferentially between closely connected regions, we tested in the current multi-PET tracer study the hypothesis that synaptic loss propagates to regions closely connected to epicenters of high tau accumulation.

Method: We assessed 18F-SynVesT-1 PET as a measure of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A), and 18F-flortaucipir tau-PET in fourty-five 18F-florbetapir-PET-positive (Aβ+) subjects with MCI or AD dementia, and 23 cognitivly normal (CN) Aβ- controls.

Biomarkers.

Background: The role of circulating metabolome in cognitive impairment is limited and inconclusive. We aimed to identify plasma metabolites associated with cognitive impairment and evaluate the added predictive capacity of metabolite biomarkers on incident cognitive impairment beyond traditional risk factors.

Method: In the community-based Rugao Longevity and Ageing Study (RuLAS), plasma metabolome was profiled by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Biomarkers.

Background: About 50-90% people with dementia would develop behavioral disturbances, namely, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Antipsychotic medications are widely used to control severe BPSD symptoms which suffers serious safety risks. It is challenge for individualized precise prediction of antipsychotic drug doses.

Biomarkers.

Background: Synaptic loss is identified as a strong correlate of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathological tau can induce direct toxicity to synapse and spread trans-synaptically across connected neurons. Recent neuroimaging evidence revealed that tau pathology propagates along interconnected brain regions throughout macroscale brain networks.

Biomarkers.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a greater risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Synaptic impairment and protein aggregates have been reported in the brains of T2DM rodent models. Here, we assessed the changes in synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A), amyloid-β, and tau that are featured pathologies in AD in T2DM rats in vivo.

Biomarkers.

Background: Tear samples were low-invasive to access and may reflect changes in the brain. We performed an exploratory proteomic analysis using tear samples to identify proteomic signature and potential pathways that may be associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.

Method: We performed a matched case-control study using tear samples collected from community-dwelling older adults, comprising 13 dementia, as well as 34 MCI and 34 age-, sex-, educational-matched normal cognition (NC) controls (age: 73.

Biomarkers.

Background: Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) modulates excitatory glutamatergic synaptic transmission and plays an important role in learning and memory, and in the pathphysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we aimed to assess the alterations of mGluR5 in the hippocampus of AD patients and mouse model, and the association with amyloid pathology.

Method: Immunofluorescence staining was performed on postmortem brain tissue from 35 AD patients and 36 control patients, as well as on the brain tissue slices from 15 months-old 3×Tg and arcAβ mouse models of AD amyloidosis.

Public Health.

Background: Whether lung function prospectively affects cognitive brain health independent of their overlapping factors remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between decreased lung function and cognitive brain health and to explore underlying biological and brain structural mechanisms.

Method: This population-based cohort included 43,1834 non-demented participants with spirometry from the UK Biobank.

Public Health.

Background: Understanding the dynamics of markers throughout Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression in a representative population is critical for early detection of AD. Most existing studies used a single cohort to model the dynamics of AD-related markers, which may lead to biased and unreproducible results. The Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project Phenotype Harmonization Consortium (ADSP-PHC) harmonized rich endophenotype data across multiple cohort studies, providing valuable resources for ADRD research.

Public Health.

Background: The role of coffee and tea intake in dementia prevention remains inconclusive across studies.

Method: We included 6,001 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants (67.5±10.

Public Health.

Background: Evidence supporting cardiovascular diseases could increase the risk of dementia remains fragmented. A comprehensive study to illuminate the distinctive associations across different dementia types is still lacking. This study is sought to: 1) determine the clinical validity of Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Score (FGCRS) for dementia assessment; 2) examine the associations between cardiovascular diseases and the risk of dementia.

Public Health.

Background: Life-course models are increasingly recognized in dementia prevention but have too often focused on mid to later life, thereby missing major opportunities for prevention much earlier. This study aimed to reveal the associations between early-life factors and incident dementia risk, and the underlying brain imaging alterations.

Method: Eight early-life factors (maternal smoking around birth, birth weight, part of a multiple birth, breastfed as a baby, adopted as a child, comparative height at age 10, comparative body size at age 10, and child maltreatment) in the UK BioBank (UKB) were investigated.

Public Health.

Background: Presence of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) has been linked to depressive symptoms in adults. The present study aimed to investigate the distinctive mapping between CMM and differential neuropsychiatric subsyndromes among multi-regional and ethnical older adults.

Method: The present study included discovery and validation datasets.