Artificial intelligence for disease diagnostics still has a long way to go.

Artificial intelligence (AI) can sometimes resolve difficulties that other advanced technologies and humans cannot. In medical diagnostics, AI has the advantage of processing figure recognition, especially for images with similar characteristics that are difficult to distinguish with the naked eye. However, the mechanisms of this advanced technique should be well-addressed to elucidate clinical issues.

Early changes of bone metabolites and lymphocyte subsets may participate in osteoporosis onset: a preliminary study of a postmenopausal osteoporosis mouse model.

Purpose: Metabolic and immune changes in the early stages of osteoporosis are not well understood. This study aimed to explore the changes in bone metabolites and bone marrow lymphocyte subsets and their relationship during the osteoporosis onset.

Methods: We established OVX and Sham mouse models.

miR-186-ANXA9 signaling inhibits tumorigenesis in breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) ranks as the highest incidence among cancer types in women all over the world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short endogenous non-coding RNA in cells mostly functioning to silence the target mRNAs. In the current study, a miRNA screening analysis identified miR-186-5p to be downregulated in human breast cancer tumors.

Assessment interocular symmetry of peripapillary vessel density in young myopes with optical coherence tomographic angiography.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the interocular symmetry and distribution of peripapillary vessel density in young myopic eyes.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was designed. A total of 174 eyes of 87 young myopic patients were recruited in this study.

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT and MRI Imaging Characteristics of Monomorphic Epitheliotropic Intestinal T-cell Lymphoma: A case report.

Background Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL) is a rare, rapidly progressive, primary intestinal T-cell lymphoma. The most common site of occurrence is on the small intestine. The prognosis of MEITL is extremely poor due to delayed diagnosis and lack of targeted therapy.

Bone marrow fatty acids affect osteoblastic differentiation through miR-92b-3p in the early stages of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is partially caused by dysfunctions in the commitment, differentiation or survival of osteoblasts. Bone marrow fatty acids affect bone resorption and formation. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of fatty acids in the early stages of postmenopausal osteoporosis and determine whether they influence osteogenic differentiation through microRNAs.

Differentiation of acute and chronic vertebral compression fractures using conventional CT based on deep transfer learning features and hand-crafted radiomics features.

Background: We evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of deep learning radiomics (DLR) and hand-crafted radiomics (HCR) features in differentiating acute and chronic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs).

Methods: A total of 365 patients with VCFs were retrospectively analysed based on their computed tomography (CT) scan data. All patients completed MRI examination within 2 weeks.

Changes in Bone Marrow Fatty Acids Early after Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis in Rats and Potential Functions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in bone marrow fatty acids early after ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats, and explore the potential function of the bone marrow fatty acids. Ninety-six female Sprague Dawley rats (12 weeks) were randomly divided into an ovariectomized (OVX) group and Sham group (N = 48/group) and received ovariectomy or Sham surgery, respectively. After 3, 5, 7,14, 21 and 28 days, eight rats in each group were sacrificed to detect the composition of bone marrow fatty acids by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and evaluate the trabecular bone microarchitecture by means of microCT.

CCL22 and CCL26 are potential biomarkers for predicting distant metastasis in thyroid carcinoma.

Objectives: Chemokines have been suggested to play significant roles in the progression of malignant cancers. This study aimed to identify the chemokines related to malignant progression in thyroid carcinoma.

Methods: The mRNA expression levels of 52 chemokines were compared between differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) samples and normal thyroid tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas database; survival analysis was then performed on the basis of differentially expressed chemokines.

Role of atrial natriuretic peptide receptor in inhibition of laterally spreading tumors via Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent malignancy worldwide. Laterally spreading tumors (LSTs), as special manifestations of digestive tract tumors, are often misdiagnosed or undiagnosed due to their unique morphological and pathological features. LST has no protruding lesions and progresses rapidly, and prognoses are consequently poor.

Evaluation of CTB-sLip for Targeting Lung Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer.

Lung metastasis of colorectal cancer is common in the clinic; however, precise targeting for the diagnosis and therapy purposes of those lung metastases remains challenging. Herein, cholera toxin subunit b (CTB) protein was chemically conjugated on the surface of PEGylated liposomes (CTB-sLip). Both human-derived colorectal cancer cell lines, HCT116 and HT-29, demonstrated high binding affinity and cellular uptake with CTB-sLip.

Omentin‑1 induces osteoblast viability and differentiation via the TGF‑β/Smad signaling pathway in osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a bone‑related disease that results from impaired bone formation and excessive bone resorption. The potential value of adipokines has been investigated previously, due to their influence on osteogenesis. However, the osteogenic effects induced by omentin‑1 remain unclear.

[Correlation between total testosterone levels and insulin resistance in patients with acanthosis nigricans and non-acanthosis nigrican].

Objective: To investigate the correlation of the total testosterone (TT) level with insulin secretion and resistance in patients with acanthosis nigricans (AN) and non-acanthosis nigricans (NAN).

Methods: This study was conducted in a total of 639 overweight patients (body mass index ≥24 kg/m), including 137 female AN patients, 277 female NAN patients, 129 male AN patients, and 146 male NAN patients. Each group was further divided into 4 subgroups according to the quartile of TT level for comparison of insulin secretion and insulin resistance parameters.

Incomplete radiofrequency ablation induced chemoresistance by up-regulating heat shock protein 70 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a common minimally invasive treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Incomplete RFA (iRFA) due to the sub-lethal heat shock challenge of some cell populations leads to the generation of transformed survivor cells with enhanced chemoresistance. However, the underlying mechanism of iRFA on HCCs chemoresistance remains unknown.

KIF23 promotes triple negative breast cancer through activating epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Background: KIF23 is a member of kinesin family, recent researches indicate KIF23 plays an important role in the proliferation and migration of malignant cancer cells. While the function and specific molecule mechanism of KIF23 in triple negative breast cancer remains unclear.

Methods: QRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were conducted to analyze expression of KIF23 in triple negative breast cancer tissues and paired paracancer tissues.

The combination of radiofrequency ablation and vertebroplasty shows advantages over single vertebroplasty in treating vertebral neoplastic lesions.

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of the combination of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and vertebroplasty versus single vertebroplasty in treating spinal metastases.

Materials And Methods: The data of 35 patients with vertebral neoplastic lesions who received RFA combined with vertebroplasty (group A, 15 patients with 17 lesions) or single vertebroplasty (group B, 20 patients with 24 lesions) from March 2016 to June 2019 were retrospectively compared. The data of patients' Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores prior to the treatments, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the treatments, injected cement volume, ratios of cement leakage were compared between the two groups.

Liver fibrosis index-based nomograms for identifying esophageal varices in patients with chronic hepatitis B related cirrhosis.

Background: Esophageal varices (EV) are the most fatal complication of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) related cirrhosis. The prognosis is poor, especially after the first upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Aim: To construct nomograms to predict the risk and severity of EV in patients with CHB related cirrhosis.

Endovascular treatment combined with vertebral artery endarterectomy for patients with acute tandem vertebrobasilar artery occlusion.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment combined with vertebral artery endarterectomy in patients with acute tandem vertebrobasilar artery occlusion.

Methods: From April 2017 to March 2019, three patients with acute basilar artery occlusion combined with ostial vertebral occlusion in our institution were enrolled in the study. They underwent endovascular treatment combined with vertebral artery endarterectomy.

Insulin Resistance Is Independently Associated With Enlarged Perivascular Space in the Basal Ganglia in Nondiabetic Healthy Elderly Population.

Objectives: To investigate the association between insulin resistance (IR) and enlarged perivascular space (EPVS) in the basal gangliain nondiabetic healthy elderly population.

Methods: A total of 235 nondiabetic healthy elderly population were recruited. A 3-level scale was used to evaluate the burden of EPVSs.

[An in vitro study of zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein inhibits activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells].

To investigate the mechanism of occurrence and development of zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (AZGP1) in the activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and liver fibrosis. The activated human hepatic stellate cell line LX2 was induced by the stimulation of transforming growth factor - β1 to construct carbon tetrachloride liver fibrosis mice model. The situation expression of AZGP1 in liver cells and tissues were observed.

Retinal microvascular attenuation in mental cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease by optical coherence tomography angiography.

Purpose: To explore regional variation of the macular microvasculature in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), also to detect the association between retinal macular microvascular parameters and the progress of preclinical AD.

Methods: Prospective study of healthy controls, patients with MCI and patients with AD by using Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). We quantified foveal avascular zone (FAZ) areas, densities of the superficial retinal capillary plexuses (SRCP) and deep retinal capillary plexuses (DRCP).

Increased plasma microfibrillar-associated protein 4 is associated with atrial fibrillation and more advanced left atrial remodelling.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of plasma microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) to atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial structural remodelling.

Material And Methods: Plasma MFAP4 levels were measured in 92 patients with AF (61 paroxysmal AF (PAF) patients and 31 persistent AF (PersAF) patients) and 71 control subjects without AF. Linear and logistic multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine the potential value of MFAP4 for predicting the incidence of AF and left atrial size.

Receptors for advanced glycation end products is associated with autophagy in the clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Background: The receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) was one of the signal transduction receptors. RAGE interacted with various signaling molecules which were involved in human disease processes including tumorigenesis. Previous reports have indicated that RAGE/high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) could regulate autophagy in different carcinomas.

Conventional Ultrasound, Immunohistochemical Factors and BRAF Mutation in Predicting Central Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

The study was aimed at evaluating the correlation between central cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients and ultrasound (US) features, immunohistochemical factors and BRAF mutation. A total of 225 consecutive patients (225 PTCs) who had undergone surgery were included. All PTCs were pre-operatively analysed by US with respect to size, components, echogenicity, shape, margins, microcalcification, multiple cancers or not, internal vascularity and capsule contact or involvement.