Unphosphorylated STAT3 in heterochromatin formation and tumor suppression in lung cancer.

Background: Aberrant JAK/STAT activation has been detected in many types of human cancers. The role of JAK/STAT activation in cancer has been mostly attributed to direct transcriptional regulation of target genes by phosphorylated STAT (pSTAT), while the unphosphorylated STAT (uSTAT) is believed to be dormant and reside in the cytoplasm. However, several studies have shown that uSTATs can be found in the nucleus.

High CXCR4 Expression Predicts a Poor Prognosis in Resected Lung Adenosquamous Carcinoma.

Primary adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a rare malignant tumor in the lung and its biological behavior has not yet been thoroughly described. In this study, we aimed to explore the clinical and biological role of CXCR4 in patients with resected lung ASC. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients with histologically confirmed lung ASC who underwent surgical resection with systematic lymph node dissection.

Pan-cancer analysis of Alterations as Biomarkers for Immunotherapy Outcomes.

alterations would compromise mismatch repair pathway and increase the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 expression in some cancers, which would cooperate with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment. However, a comprehensive analysis of alteration frequency and its predictive value for ICI treatment outcome in cancers has not yet been investigated. Hence, we performed this pan-cancer analysis to evaluate the prevalence and predictive value of alterations across >40,000 cases in multiple cancer types.

Clinical characteristics of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

Background: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an allergic pulmonary disease caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus colony in the airways. Due to the diversity of disease manifestations and physicians' incomplete knowledge of ABPA, patients with ABPA are often misdiagnosed and given poor prognosis.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis status among patients with ABPA.

Gefitinib promotes CXCR4-dependent epithelial to mesenchymal transition via TGF-β1 signaling pathway in lung cancer cells harboring EGFR mutation.

Purpose: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in acquired resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of gefitinib-induced EMT in lung adenocarcinoma cells harboring EGFR mutation.

Methods: CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression was determined through qRT-PCR, Western blot and flow cytometry assays in lung cancer cell line (PC9) bearing mutated EGFR.

Effect of hCMSCs and liraglutide combination in ALI through cAMP/PKAc/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Background: ALI/ARDS is the major cause of acute respiratory failure in critically ill patients. As human chorionic villi-derived MSCs (hCMSCs) could attenuate ALI in the airway injury model, and liraglutide, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonist, possesses anti-inflammatory and proliferation promotion functions, we proposed to probe the potential combinatory effect of hCMSCs and liraglutide on ALI.

Methods: We examined the time- and dose-dependent manner of GLP-1R, SPC, Ang-1, and FGF-10 with LPS via western blot and qRT-PCR.

Disparity in clinical outcomes between pure and combined pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: A multi-center retrospective study.

Objectives: The 2015 World Health Organization classification defines pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) as a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma. However, the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of pure LCNEC and combined LCNEC remain unclear. Hence, we performed a multi-center retrospective study to compare the clinical outcomes of pure versus combined LCNEC.

Helsinki by nature: The Nature Step to Respiratory Health.

Background: was the overarching theme of the 12th General Meeting of the Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD) in Helsinki, August 2018. New approaches are needed to improve respiratory health and reduce premature mortality of chronic diseases by 30% till 2030 (UN Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs). Planetary health is defined as the health of human civilization and the state of the natural systems on which it depends.

Tumor-derived DNA from pleural effusion supernatant as a promising alternative to tumor tissue in genomic profiling of advanced lung cancer.

Pleural effusion (PE) is commonly observed in advanced lung cancer and was suggested to contain both cell-free tumor DNA and tumor cells. Molecular profiling of PE represents a minimally invasive approach of detecting tumor driver mutations for clinical decision making, especially when tumor tissues are not available. The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy and precision of detecting gene alterations in PE samples to address the feasibility in clinical use.

Tumor neoantigens: from basic research to clinical applications.

Tumor neoantigen is the truly foreign protein and entirely absent from normal human organs/tissues. It could be specifically recognized by neoantigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) in the context of major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) molecules. Emerging evidence has suggested that neoantigens play a critical role in tumor-specific T cell-mediated antitumor immune response and successful cancer immunotherapies.

[The study of pleural effusion supernatant cell-free tumor DNA in tumor mutational burden assessment of advanced lung cancer].

To evaluate the feasibility of cell-free tumor DNA in pleural effusion supernatant for assessing the tumor mutational burden (TMB) of advanced lung cancers. From December 2016 to August 2018, 34 lung cancer patients (19 males and 15 females) with pleural effusion were enrolled at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. The median age of the patients was 65 (range, 34-85) years.

Particulate matter disrupts airway epithelial barrier via oxidative stress to promote infection.

Background: Airborne particulate matter (PM) is associated with increasing susceptibility to respiratory bacterial infection. Tight junctions (TJs) are protein complexes that form airway epithelial barrier against infection. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PM on the airway TJs in response to infection.

Glycerol kinase 5 confers gefitinib resistance through SREBP1/SCD1 signaling pathway.

Background: Drug resistance is common in cancer chemotherapy. This study investigates the role of Glycerol kinase 5 (GK5) in mediating gefitinib resistance in NSCLC.

Methods: The exosomal mRNA of GK5 was detected using a tethered cationic lipoplex nanoparticle (TCLN) biochip.

GLRX inhibition enhances the effects of geftinib in EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cells through FoxM1 signaling pathway.

Purpose: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer. Gefitinib is one of the most accepted therapies against NSCLC in those carrying EGFR mutations, but it is only effective in approximately 20% of patients with NSCLC. Thus, alternative therapeutic interventions are urgently needed to overcome gefitinib resistance.

Endothelial cell-specific anticoagulation reduces inflammation in a mouse model of acute lung injury.

Tissue factor (TF)-dependent coagulation contributes to lung inflammation and the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). In this study, we explored the roles of targeted endothelial anticoagulation in ALI using two strains of transgenic mice expressing either a membrane-tethered human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (hTFPI) or hirudin fusion protein on CD31 cells, including vascular endothelial cells (ECs). ALI was induced by intratracheal injection of LPS, and after 24 h the expression of TF and protease-activated receptors (PARs) on EC in lungs were assessed, alongside the extent of inflammation and injury.

Pulmonary cryptococcosis coexisting with adenocarcinoma: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Pulmonary cryptococcosis is a common fungal infection frequently seen in immunocompromised patients. Owing to its nonspecific clinical and radiographic features, the differential diagnosis with secondary tuberculosis, malignant tumor, and bacterial pneumonia is sometimes difficult. Many case reports have focused on misdiagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis as a malignant tumor.

RNA-binding protein LIN28B inhibits apoptosis through regulation of the AKT2/FOXO3A/BIM axis in ovarian cancer cells.

LIN28B is an evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein that regulates mRNA translation and miRNA maturation in embryonic stem cells and developing tissues. Increasing evidence demonstrates that is activated in cancer and serves as a critical oncogene. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of LIN28B function in tumorigenesis are still largely unknown.

[Angiofibroma of soft tissue: a clinicopathologic analysis of 24 cases].

To investigate the clinicopathologic and genetic features, pathologic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of angiofibroma of soft tissue(AFST). The clinicopathologic characteristics of 24 cases diagnosed at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2011 to 2017 were analyzed; immunohistochemical staining and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed, and the literatures were also reviewed. There were 15 male and 9 female (male∶female=1.

Calpain 2 knockdown promotes cell apoptosis and restores gefitinib sensitivity through epidermal growth factor receptor/protein kinase B/survivin signaling.

Gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‑specific drug, is effective for ~1 year, after which resistance is inevitable. Calpain 2 (CAPN2) is known to serve a role in the drug response and resistance in certain cancer therapies. However, the full function of CAPN2, particularly in non‑small cell lung cancer, has not yet been elucidated.

Progranulin is a novel biomarker for predicting an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Progranulin is a pleiotropic glycosylated protein precursor that plays an important role in inflammation. Limited data exist regarding the role of progranulin in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).

Objectives: The study is to assess the efficiency of progranulin as a circulating biomarker of AECOPD.

Tracheobronchial involvement of mantle cell lymphoma.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare type of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that commonly affects extranodal sites; however, tracheobronchial involvement is rare. We report the case of a 65-year-old male who presented with cough and dyspnoea. A chest computed tomography (CT) revealed irregular wall thickening of the trachea and bilateral bronchi and bilateral bronchiectasis.

Efficacy of add-on sublingual immunotherapy for adults with asthma: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Background: Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) reduces symptom scores and the use of rescue medication in children with allergic asthma, but the effect of SLIT therapy in adult patients has not been reported.

Objective: To examine the efficacy and adverse effects of SLIT add-on vs conventional medication in adult patients with mild to moderate asthma.

Methods: We systematically searched the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Central databases.