Research on the quality changes of grass carp during brine salting.

The research on the quality changes of grass carp during brine salting with 6%, 8%, and 10% salt additions was evaluated by chemical and physical indicators, as well as a sensory assessment and microbiological analysis. The NaCl content was proportional to salt addition and salting time. The increase of salt addition could lead to the increase of hardness and chewiness in which change trends were contrary to the pH within 24 hr.

Quality evaluation of living and postmortem Chinese mitten crabs ().

Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), biogenic amine, total viable count (TVC), volatile compounds, and sensory evaluation were conducted to assess the quality of Chinese Mitten Crabs () at living, zero, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 24 hr postmortem. The sensory evaluation found a noticeable odor of spoilage becoming evident 10 hr postmortem. The TVBN value increased and then decreased as time increased, reaching 23.

MultiplexSSR: A pipeline for developing multiplex SSR-PCR assays from resequencing data.

Next-generation sequencing has greatly promoted the investigation of single nucleotide polymorphisms, while studies of simple sequence repeats are sharply decreasing. However, simple sequence repeats still present some advantages in conservation genetics. In this study, an end-to-end pipeline referred to as MultiplexSSR was established to develop multiplex PCR assays in batches with highly polymorphic simple sequence repeats for capillary platforms from resequencing data.

Research on quality changes of grass carp () during short-term starvation.

This study was aimed at to investigate the quality changes of grass carp during short-term starvation. The pH, lactic acid, free amino acid, and adenosine triphosphate-related compounds of dorsal meat, belly meat and red meat in grass carp were measured during starvation for 6 days, and the quality of grass carp was evaluated by value, equivalent umami concentration (EUC), taste activity value (TAV), and electronic tongue. The pH of three parts meat reached the maximum value on the fourth day, which was closely related to the lactic acid content.

Effects of four cooking methods on sensory and taste quality of .

The effect of heating medium (with water and steam) and initial temperature of heating medium (cold and boiling) on the taste quality and sensory properties of was investigated. Nonvolatile taste active components in the meat and gonad of crabs cooked under four different methods were detected and compared. Sensory evaluation and electronic tongue assessment were also conducted.

TGF-β Signaling Plays a Pivotal Role During Developmental Biliary Atresia in Sea Lamprey ().

Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare neonatal disease with unknown causes. Approximately 10% of BA cases develop in utero with other congenital defects that span a large spectrum of disease variations, including degeneration of the gall bladder and bile duct as well as malformation of the liver, intestines, and kidneys. Similar developmental alterations are manifested in a unique animal model, the sea lamprey (), in which BA occurs naturally during metamorphosis.

Effect of heat extraction on water-soluble taste substances in processing products of chilled large yellow croaker ().

In this paper, we analyzed the umami amino acids composition and content in minced meat (MM), fish head meat (HM), and fish roe (R). According to different ratios of material to liquid, we extracted water-soluble taste substances from the three materials and then compared composition and content of the umami amino acids and taste nucleotides in the different water-soluble taste substances. Finally, we analyzed Taste Activity Value (TAV) and the Equivalent Umami Concentration (EUC) between umami amino acids and taste nucleotides.

Morphological characterization and phylogenetic relationships of Indochinese box turtles-The complex.

The members of the Indochinese box turtle complex, namely , , and , rank the most critically endangered turtle species on earth after more than three decades of over-harvesting for food, traditional Chinese medicine, and pet markets. Despite advances in molecular biology, species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships, the status of the .  complex remains unresolved due to the small number of specimens observed and collected in the field.

Multiple freshwater invasions of the tapertail anchovy (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) of the Yangtze River.

Freshwater fish evolved from anadromous ancestors can be found in almost all continents. The roles of paleogeographic events and nature selection in speciation process often are under focus of research. We studied genetic diversity of anadromous and resident tapertail anchovies ( species complex) in the Yangtze River Basin using 4,434 nuclear loci, and tested the history of freshwater invasion of .

Differential gene expression in chronic wasting disease-positive white-tailed deer ().

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) that affects cervid species throughout North America. We evaluated gene expression in white-tailed deer collected by Illinois Department of Natural Resource wildlife managers during annual population reduction (e.g.

Self-microemulsifying oral fast dissolving films of vitamin D3 for infants: Preparation and characterization.

Combining the advantages of self-microemulsifying technology and oral fast dissolving technology, a self-microemulsifying oral fast dissolving films (SMEOFDF) of vitamin D3 was developed in this study. The pseudoternary phase diagram of microemulsion was constructed using water titration method, and the formulation of films was optimized by orthogonal experimental design. The prepared SMEOFDF of vitamin D3 was a thin film, in which the liquid drops of self-microemulsion were embedded.

Effects of different proteases enzymatic extraction on the lipid yield and quality of Antarctic krill oil.

This study was investigated the effects of six proteases (papain, compound proteinase, acidic protease, neutrase, pancreatin, and alcalase) on the lipid yield and quality of krill oil. The result shown that the krill oil extracted by alcalase and compound proteinase led to comparatively higher lipid yields (5.29% and 4.

The effect of Perilla ( leaf extracts on the quality of surimi fish balls.

The effects of leaf extract (PLE) on the quality of surimi fish balls were investigated in the present study. Firstly, the extract was prepared by solvent extraction using 95% ethanol. Then, the phenolics in the extract were analyzed by instrumental analysis.

Gene markers for exon capture and phylogenomics in ray-finned fishes.

Gene capture coupled with the next-generation sequencing has become one of the preferred methods of subsampling genomes for phylogenomic studies. Many exon markers have been developed in plants, sharks, frogs, reptiles, fishes, and others, but no universal exon markers have been tested in ray-finned fishes. Here, we identified a suite of "single-copy" protein-coding sequence (CDS) markers through comparing eight fish genomes, and tested them empirically in 83 species (33 families and nine orders or higher clades: Acipenseriformes, Lepisosteiformes, Elopomorpha, Osteoglossomorpha, Clupeiformes, Cypriniformes, Gobiaria, Carangaria, and Eupercaria; sensu Betancur et al.

Effect of ice water pretreatment on the quality of Pacific White Shrimps ().

Pacific White Shrimps () are an aquaculture species with global importance. For the purpose of this paper, the quality shelling process of Pacific White Shrimps, freshly harvested from farms and stored in a mixture ice water up to 24 hr, was investigated. Both the differences and correlations between the indexes such as peeling time, shrimp yield, chromatic aberration, texture, value, TBA value, and microstructure were compared and analyzed.

A novel, sensitive and non-destructive method for quantitative determination of lipid in live using low-field H Nuclear magnetic resonance.

In this study, lipid content of live has been quickly and accurately determined by low-field H Nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-H NMR). The experimental parameters of LF-H NMR have been optimized and the validity of the established standard method has been confirmed with traditional Soxhlet extraction method. Results show that the lipid signal intensity is strongly correlated with its content and exhibits a good linear correlation ( = 0.

Warming mediates the relationship between plant nutritional properties and herbivore functional responses.

Quantifying the per capita effects of invasive alien species is crucial for assessing their ecological impact. A major challenge to risk assessment of invasive species was to understand the factors that cause per capita effects to vary in different ecological contexts, particularly in a warming world. By conducting functional response experiments, we estimated the per capita effects (attack rate and maximum feeding rate) of an invasive herbivorous snail, , toward ten host plant species.

R. F. Elliott 1968 infection in Prussian carp (Bloch, 1782) eggs and its control with herb extracts.

In order to control saprolegniosis in Prussian carp ( (Bloch, 1782) eggs, it is important to screen herb extracts as potential anti- drugs in Prussian carp hatcheries. For this purpose, an oomycete water mould (strain SC) isolated from Prussian carp [ (Bloch, 1782)] eggs suffering from saprolegniosis was characterised morphologically as well as from ITS rDNA sequence data. Initially identified as a sp.