Challenges to the system of reserve medical supplies for public health emergencies: reflections on the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in China.

On December 31, 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission announced an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), China is now at a critical period in the control of the epidemic. The Chinese Government has been taking a series of rapid, comprehensive, and effective prevention and control measures. As the pandemic has developed, a fact has become apparent: there is a serious dearth of emergency medical supplies, and especially an extreme shortage of personal protective equipment such as masks and medical protective clothing.

Physician preferences for chemotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in China: evidence from multicentre discrete choice experiments.

Objective: To evaluate physician risk-benefit preferences and trade-offs when making chemotherapy decisions for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Design: A discrete choice experiment (DCE).

Settings: Tertiary hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu of China.

"4+7" city drug volume-based purchasing and using pilot program in China and its impact.

In order to deepen the health system reform and improve the mechanism for the formation of drug prices, in January 2019, the General Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China issued the "National centralized drug purchasing and using pilot program", selected 11 cities in mainland China to carry out "4+7" city drug volume based purchasing pilot work. This paper introduces the specific implementation plan, organizational structure and drug selection process of China's "4+7" city drug volume-based purchasing pilot work, and expounds the initial effects, existing problems and policy development after the implementation of the policy. After the implementation of the policy, the prices of 25 selected drugs were significantly lower, compared with the minimum purchase price of the same drugs in 11 pilot cities in 2017, the average drop was 52%.

Health economic evaluation of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a novel noninvasive treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. SBRT can achieve effective local control, but it requires a relatively high input of resources; this systematic review was performed to assess the cost effectiveness of SBRT in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma to provide a basis for government pricing and medical insurance decision-making. The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and SinoMed databases were searched to collect economic evaluations of SBRT for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma from the date of database inception through December 31, 2018.

A brief introduction to China's new Drug Administration Law and its impact on medications for rare diseases.

The Drug Administration Law of the People's Republic of China (amended in August 2019) is a major piece of legislation governing drug administration in China. This law seeks to improve health legislation; to achieve this, it defines the concepts of fake drugs and inferior drugs and their differences, it emphasizes the regulation of reliability, it standardizes online drug sales, it encourages technological innovation, and it specifies legal liability and punishment through legislative amendments. The Drug Administration Law is characteristic of responsive legislation, and it guarantees a right to health for citizens.

Progress on drug pricing negotiations in China.

On November 28, 2019, the National Healthcare Security Administration (NHSA) and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MOHRSS) of China announced the results of drug pricing negotiations. Seventy first-negotiated drugs with 60.7% average price decrease and twenty-seven re-negotiated medicines with 26.

Patient Preferences For Chemotherapy In The Treatment Of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) Study In China.

Objective: The study aims to quantify patients' risk-benefit preferences for chemotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to elicit their willingness to pay (WTP) for treatment outcomes.

Methods: A face-to-face discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted on NSCLC patients in four tertiary hospitals each from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu in China. Patients were invited to complete choice questions that constructed by seven attributes: progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), rash, nausea and vomiting, tiredness, mode of administration and out-of-pocket costs.

Focusing on basic data and a model of healthcare security for rare diseases: The Multidisciplinary Expert Seminar on Healthcare Security for Rare Diseases in China was held in Beijing.

On August 10, 2019, the Multidisciplinary Expert Seminar on Healthcare Security for Rare Diseases in China was held in Beijing. The seminar was organized by the Shanghai Foundation for Rare Disease and Shanghai Health Development Research Center and advised by the China Alliance of Rare Diseases. Participants in this seminar included government officials, experts in clinical medicine, pharmacy, epidemiology, health economics, and law as well as representatives from rare disease patient organizations.

Overview on social security system of rare diseases in China.

China has initiated the special security project for rare diseases from the national strategic level since 2018. Chinese government has formulated China's First List of Rare Diseases (121 diseases included), established Expert Committee of Diagnosis, Treatment and Security of Rare Diseases and China Alliance of Rare Diseases. The government also encouraged all the provinces to include the security plan and strategies of rare diseases into key work and promoted the establishment of rare diseases clinical research center and the formulation of diagnosis and treatment guidelines.

China has faster pace than Japan in population aging in next 25 years.

The aging of a population structure is an inevitable path of demographic transition, as an inescapable result of decline in fertility rate and extension in life expectancy. Although demographic transition occurred earlier in Japan than in China, the two countries had similar patterns, both of which took a much shorter period of time than Western countries to complete demographic transition, as well as have been aging at a rapid speed that has rarely been seen in the world. Japan has the highest level of population aging in the world, and China has been experiencing a very fast pace of the population aging process and has the largest older population.

How the health institution combinative contracting mechanism influences community residents' patient experiences in Shanghai: A comparative study of data from two cross-sectional surveys.

Objective: To understand the effect of the health institution combinative contracting mechanism (which make participating residents make a "combinative contracting" involving family doctor of community health center, one secondary hospital, and one tertiary hospital) on community residents' patient experiences in Shanghai, China.

Methods: We conducted two questionnaire surveys (2016 and 2018) on the patient experiences of 1200 permanent residents of 12 subdistricts of Shanghai, who were selected via stratified random sampling. Of these, 926 participants were included after propensity score matching.

How Prevalent Are Implausible EQ-5D-5L Health States and How Do They Affect Valuation? A Study Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence.

Background: When designing a valuation study, a criterion that has been used for selecting health states for direct valuation is whether the health states are plausible for respondents, because it is assumed that inclusion of implausible states would compromise data quality.

Objectives: To understand which health states are implausible, and how their values differ from the values of the plausible counterparts.

Methods: One thousand six hundred Chinese students valued all 3125 health states of the 5-level EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) using the EuroQol visual analogue scale.

Incidence and prevalence of 121 rare diseases in China: Current status and challenges.

In order to ascertain the current status of and challenges posed by the incidence and prevalence of rare diseases in China, this study teases out data on the incidence and prevalence of 121 rare diseases listed in to provide rationales and references for the development and promotion of rare-disease-related policies. The National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China issued the (denoted here as ), which cited data on the incidence/prevalence of 21 rare diseases (21 of 121 rare diseases, 17.36%).

Driving factors and mode transformation regarding health technology assessment (HTA) in China: Problems and recommendations.

As the reform of Chinese medical and health undertakings has advanced (since 2015), the admission, pricing and payment policies regarding the new health technologies of China have undergone significant changes, and health technology assessment (HTA) has gradually become one of the current reform and research hotspots in China. Based on the perspective of HTA driving factors and the development mode, this paper proposes a two-stage mode of HTA development in China, namely, the mode driven by the management of new heath technology admission and another one driven by new health technology pricing and medical insurance payment. In addition, the paper also proposes the challenges that HTA faces in China under the current mode, including the development system, process standard, data mechanism, and policy application.

Feasibility and validity of the Health Status Classification System-Preschool (HSCS-PS) in a large community sample: the Generation R study.

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility, discriminant validity and concurrent validity of the Health Status Classification System-Preschool (HSCS-PS) in children aged 3 years in a large community sample in the Netherlands.

Design/setting: A prospective population-based cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Participants: A questionnaire was administrated to a sample of parents of 4546 children (36.

China issues the National Essential Medicines List (2018 edition): Background, differences from previous editions, and potential issues.

On October 25, 2018, the National Health Commission of China issued the National Essential Medicines List (2018 edition) [NEML (2018)]. The NEML (2018) contains 685 drugs, which consist of 417 chemicals and biological products and 268 Chinese patent medicines. Compared to the 2012 version of the NEML, a total number of 165 drugs were added, representing an increase of 31.

China has officially released its first national list of rare diseases.

Over the past few years, the Chinese Government has paid greater attention to rare diseases and it has incorporated rare diseases in national health strategy and planning. On May 22, 2018, the Chinese Government officially released its first list of rare diseases, which included 121 rare diseases. The list was published to facilitate greater societal awareness of rare diseases, to improve the ability of front-line medical staff to treat rare diseases, to introduce incentives for research and development of orphan drugs, and to increase the availability of medicines for rare diseases.

Disease burden of COPD in China: a systematic review.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the main contributors to the global burden of disease. The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the disease burden of COPD in China and to determine the risk factors of the disease. The number of studies included in the review was 47 with an average quality assessment score of 7.

Researchers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease gathered at the 2017 Japan-China Joint Medical Workshop on Aging and Health.

As the number of elderly and the size of the total population increase, population aging will become a major problem because of an increase in diseases associated with aging, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The 2017 Japan-China Joint Medical Workshop on Aging and Health was held at The University of Tokyo on December 2, 2017 with a focus on management of COPD. More than 50 experts in the fields of respiratory medicine, emergency medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, and Kampo (traditional Japanese medicine) from Japan and China presented the results of their research and shared their experiences treating COPD from different perspectives.

The impact of population aging on medical expenses: A big data study based on the life table.

This study shed light on the amount and structure of utilization and medical expenses on Shanghai permanent residents based on big data, simulated lifetime medical expenses through combining of expenses data and life table model, and explored the dynamic pattern of aging on medical expenditures. 5 years were taken as the class interval, the study collected and did the descriptive analysis on the medical services utilization and medical expenses information for all ages of Shanghai permanent residents in 2015, simulated lifetime medical expenses by using current life table and cross-section expenditure data. The results showed that in 2015, outpatient and emergency visits per capita in the elderly group (aged 60 and over) was 4.

Price adjustment for traditional Chinese medicine procedures: Based on a standardized value parity model.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important part of China's medical system. Due to the prolonged low price of TCM procedures and the lack of an effective mechanism for dynamic price adjustment, the development of TCM has markedly lagged behind Western medicine. The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized the need to enhance the development of alternative and traditional medicine when creating national health care systems.