Neural Stem Cells Therapy for Ischemic Stroke: Progress and Challenges.

Ischemic stroke, with its high morbidity and mortality, is the most common cerebrovascular accident and results in severe neurological deficits. Despite advances in medical and surgical intervention, post-stroke therapies remain scarce, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Over the past decades, stem cell transplantation has been recognized as very promising therapy for neurological diseases.

Mitochondrial Transplantation Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Possible Involvement of Mitochondrial Component Separation.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunctions play a pivotal role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Although mitochondrial transplantation has been recently explored for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury, the underlying mechanisms and fate of transplanted mitochondria are still poorly understood.

Methods: Mitochondrial morphology and function were assessed by fluorescent staining, electron microscopy, JC-1, PCR, mitochondrial stress testing, and metabolomics.

Three-Tier Prognostic Index in Young Adults With Advanced Gastric Cancer.

Purpose: To characterize clinical features and identify baseline prognostic factors for survival in young adults with advanced gastric cancer (YAAGC).

Materials And Methods: A total of 220 young inpatients (age less than or equal to 40 years) with an initial diagnosis of advanced gastric cancer were retrospectively enrolled in this study.

Results: Of a consecutive cohort of 220 patients with YAAGC, the median overall survival (OS) time was 16.

Increased Risk of Lymphoma in Men or the Elderly Infected with Tuberculosis.

Purpose: To identify factors associated with lymphoma in patients with prior infection.

Methods: A retrospective case-control analysis was performed in a highly tuberculosis (TB)-endemic area. Patients with a history of TB before the diagnosis of lymphoma were retrospectively identified.

High expression of CD38 and MHC class II on CD8 T cells during severe influenza disease reflects bystander activation and trogocytosis.

Objectives: Although co-expression of CD38 and HLA-DR reflects T-cell activation during viral infections, high and prolonged CD38HLA-DR expression is associated with severe disease. To date, the mechanism underpinning expression of CD38HLA-DR is poorly understood.

Methods: We used mouse models of influenza A/H9N2, A/H7N9 and A/H3N2 infection to investigate mechanisms underpinning CD38MHC-II phenotype on CD8 T cells.

HNRNPL Circularizes ARHGAP35 to Produce an Oncogenic Protein.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an intriguing class of widely prevalent endogenous RNAs, the vast majority of which have not been characterized functionally. Here, we identified a novel oncogenic circRNA originating from the back-splicing of Exon2 and Exon3 of a tumor suppressor gene, ARHGAP35 (also known as P190-A), termed as circARHGAP35. have observe that circARHGAP35 and linear ARHGAP35 have antithetical expression and functions.

Independent verification of brachytherapy treatment plan by using deep learning inference modeling.

This study aims to develop a deep learning-based strategy for treatment plan check and verification of high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy. A deep neural network was trained to verify the dwell positions and times for a given input brachytherapy isodose distribution. In our modeling, each dwell position is represented by a Gaussian heatmap located in the vicinity of the dwell positions.

Cancer risk in tuberculosis patients in a high endemic area.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) may facilitate carcinogenesis. We performed a case-control study of the association between TB and cancer in Xinjiang, a high TB endemic area of China.

Methods: From January 2016 to December 2018, a total of 45,455 patients hospitalized in Xinjiang Cancer Hospital were consecutively enrolled and divided into a malignant tumor group (n = 32,539) and a benign tumor group (n = 12,916).

Subtle cognitive impairment as a marker of Alzheimer's pathologies and clinical progression in cognitively normal individuals.

Introduction: Subtle cognitive impairment (SCI) may appear before pathological changes surpass thresholds for abnormality. We aimed to investigate whether SCI could predict Alzheimer's pathologies and advancement.

Methods: A total of 816 cognitively normal individuals were enrolled to assess the longitudinal neuropathological and clinical correlates of baseline SCI, via linear mixed-effects and Cox proportional-hazard models.

AZD9291 Resistance Reversal Activity of a pH-Sensitive Nanocarrier Dual-Loaded with Chloroquine and FGFR1 Inhibitor in NSCLC.

AZD9291 can effectively prolong survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Unfortunately, the mechanism of its acquired drug resistance is largely unknown. This study shows that autophagy and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 signaling pathways are both activated in AZD9291 resistant NSCLC, and inhibition of them, respectively, by chloroquine (CQ) and PD173074 can synergistically reverse AZD9291 resistance.

Progesterone levels predict pregnancy outcomes in individuals with fallopian tube associated infertility.

Background: This study aimed at determining the predictive value of human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone levels on pregnancy outcomes in patients receiving in vitro fertilization due to fallopian tube associated infertility.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 854 cycles due to fallopian tube associated infertility in vitro fertilization fresh embryo transfer. The clinical data had been collected from January 2010 to December 2018 and was divided into 7 groups depending on the progesterone level on human chorionic gonadotropin administration day.

Data-driven dose calculation algorithm based on deep U-Net.

Accurate and efficient dose calculation is an important prerequisite to ensure the success of radiation therapy. However, all the dose calculation algorithms commonly used in current clinical practice have to compromise between calculation accuracy and efficiency, which may result in unsatisfactory dose accuracy or highly intensive computation time in many clinical situations. The purpose of this work is to develop a novel dose calculation algorithm based on the deep learning method for radiation therapy.

Plasma amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration biomarker profiles predict Alzheimer's disease pathology and clinical progression in older adults without dementia.

Introduction: Plasma markers have been reported to be associated with brain amyloid burden, tau pathology, or neurodegeneration. We aimed to evaluate whether plasma biomarker profiles could predict Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and clinical progression in older adults without dementia.

Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data of participants enrolled in this study were from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).

A panel of blood lipids associated with cognitive performance, brain atrophy, and Alzheimer's diagnosis: A longitudinal study of elders without dementia.

Introduction: We sought lipid-metabolic biomarkers involved in the processes underlying cognitive decline and detected them in association with Alzheimer's disease (AD) phenotypes.

Methods: A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression model was used to select lipids that best classified cognitive decline defined by a fast-annual rate of cognition. Lipid summary scores were constructed as predictors of cognitive decline by using this model.

Clinical and biomarker trajectories in sporadic Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal study.

Introduction: Amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition was identified to precede tau pathology and neurodegeneration in familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). But the divergence between sporadic and familial AD limits the extension of these findings to sporadic AD.

Methods: Longitudinal changes of biomarkers among different stages were assessed using linear mixed-effects models.

Trajectory and Functional Analysis of PD-1 CD4CD8 T Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Single-Cell Cytometry and Transcriptome Sequencing.

The spatial heterogeneity of immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive. Here, a single-cell study involving 17 432 600 immune cells of 39 matched HCC (T), nontumor (N), and leading-edge (L) specimens by mass cytometry is conducted. The tumor-associated CD4/CD8 double-positive T (DPT) cells are found enriched in L regions with synergetic expression of PD-1/HLA-DR/ICOS/CD45RO and exhibit a higher level of IFN-, TNF-, and PD-1 upon stimulation.

Verification of the machine delivery parameters of a treatment plan via deep learning.

We developed a generative adversarial network (GAN)-based deep learning approach to estimate the multileaf collimator (MLC) aperture and corresponding monitor units (MUs) from a given 3D dose distribution. The proposed design of the adversarial network, which integrates a residual block into pix2pix framework, jointly trains a 'U-Net'-like architecture as the generator and a convolutional 'PatchGAN' classifier as the discriminator. 199 patients, including nasopharyngeal, lung and rectum, treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy and volumetric-modulated arc therapy techniques were utilized to train the network.

Quality of primary health care in China: challenges and recommendations.

China has substantially increased financial investment and introduced favourable policies for strengthening its primary health care system with core responsibilities in preventing and managing chronic diseases such as hypertension and emerging infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, widespread gaps in the quality of primary health care still exist. In this Review, we aim to identify the causes for this poor quality, and provide policy recommendations.

Shikonin ameliorates D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in mice via the MAPK and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.

Oxidative stress acts as the major causative factor for various age-associated neurodegenerative diseases, triggering cognitive and memory impairments. In the present study, the underlying neuroprotective mechanism governing how shikonin acts against D-galactose (D-gal)-induced memory impairment, neuroinflammation and neuron damage was examined. The results revealed that chronic administration of D-gal [150 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.

Ten-Segment Intramedullary Ependymoma and Whole Spinal Syringomyelia.

Background: Ten-segment intramedullary tumors are rare lesions in adults.

Case Description: In this report, we describe the case of a 30-year-old woman who presented with a 2-year history of right lower limb numbness. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging showed an expansive 10-segment intramedullary lesion and syringomyelia.

A Prevascularization Strategy Using Novel Fibrous Porous Silk Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration in Mice with Spinal Cord Injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents an extremely debilitating condition for which no efficacious treatment is available. Because spinal cord does not have satisfactory capacity for revascularization after injury, it seems to be a promising way to modulate the lesion environment by reperfusion to promote a regenerative phenotype. Although engineered scaffolds provide a platform to deliver therapeutic cells and neurotrophic factors, slow and insufficient vascularization of large tissue constructs negatively impacts the survival and function of these transplanted cells.

A functional polymorphism in the promoter of αA-crystallin increases the risk of nAMD.

Objective: To analyze the association between the promoter of αA-crystallin (CRYAA) variants with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in a northern Chinese population.

Methods: We performed a case-control study in a group of Chinese patients with nAMD (n = 345) or PCV (n = 371) and contrasted the results against an independent control group comprising 514 mild cataract patients without any evidence of age-related maculopathy. An association analysis of allele frequencies was performed for 6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the CRYAA locus (rs3761381, rs3761382, rs79545821, rs13053109, rs7278468, and rs117396767).

IL1R2 Blockade Suppresses Breast Tumorigenesis and Progression by Impairing USP15-Dependent BMI1 Stability.

Breast tumor initiating cells (BTICs) with ALDHCD24CD44 phenotype are the most tumorigenic and invasive cell population in breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Here, it is found that a negative immune regulator interleukin-1 receptor type 2 (IL1R2) is upregulated in breast cancer (BC) tissues and especially in BTICs.