Changing trends and disparities in 5-year overall survival of women with invasive breast cancer in the United States, 1975-2015.

Relative survival is the ratio of overall survival (OS) over survival of the general population, and widely used in epidemiological studies. But it is artificially higher than OS and thus inferior to OS for cancer prognostication of individual patients. Moreover, trend-changes and disparities in OS of breast cancer are unclear while the relative survival of breast cancer has been reported on a regular basis.

Hypoxia promoted renal cell carcinoma cell migration through regulating lncRNA-ENST00000574654.1.

Background: Hypoxia is common in solid tumor masses that has functional consequences for tumor progression. Previous studies demonstrated that nearly 80% renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are under hypoxia. However, effect and its mechanism of hypoxia on RCC cell invasion remains to be defined.

Roles of follicle stimulating hormone and its receptor in human metabolic diseases and cancer.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and its receptor (FSHR) play an important role in human metabolic diseases and cancer. Evidence showed that FSHR is not only distributed in ovary and testis but also in other cells or organs such as osteoclast, adipocytes, liver, pituitary cancer and so forth. Moreover, FSH is associated with lipogenesis, inflammation, insulin sensitivity, thermogenesis, skeletal metabolism, osteogenesis and ovarian cancer, all of which have been confirmed closely related to metabolic diseases or metabolic-related cancer.

Aberrant expression of oxidative stress related proteins affects the pregnancy outcome of gestational diabetes mellitus patients.

Gestational diabetemellitus (GDM) is a condition whereby a mother's glucose tolerance is impaired with onset or first recognition during pregnancy which is not either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress plays an essential role in diabetes, however, whether it also includes in GDM has not been fully clarified. Therefore, we investigated the changes of oxidative stress biomarkers and their relationship with pregnancy outcomes in patients with GDM.

Arctigenin prevents monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats.

The hallmark features of the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) include the proliferation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells, oxidative stress, inflammation, and pulmonary artery remodeling. Arctigenin is a bioactive component of that exerts anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects in several diseases; however, its effects on pulmonary arteries are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of arctigenin to prevent PAH.

Correlation of serum uric acid with bone mineral density and fragility fracture in patients with primary osteoporosis: a single-center retrospective study of 253 cases.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation of serum uric acid with bone mineral density (BMD) and fragility fracture in primary osteoporosis (PO) patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of biochemical parameters including bone turnover markers and bone density was done in patients (n=253) received initial treatment for PO from January 2011 to May 2012 at the Shanghai First People's Hospital.

Results: Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis showed that serum uric acid positively correlated with the lumbar spine BMD (P<0.

Pycnogenol, a compound isolated from the bark of pinus maritime mill, attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury through inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response.

Background: During mechanical ventilation, high end-inspiratory lung volume results in a permeability type pulmonary oedema, called ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). The pathophysiology of ventilator-induced lung injury involves multiple mechanisms, such as excessive inflammation. And pycnogenol is a mixture of flavonoid compounds extracted from pine tree bark that have anti-inflammatory activity.

Involvement of RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway in hyperglycemia-induced microvascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a well-known serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), and can eventually advance to end-stage blindness. In the early stage of DR, endothelial cell barrier disorganized primarily and tight junction (TJ) protein composition transformed subsequently. The small GTPase RhoA and its downstream effector Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) regulate a mass of cellular processes, including cell adherence, proliferation, permeability and apoptosis.

Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of gliomas using chlorotoxin-based bioconjugates.

Malignant gliomas, especially glioblastoma multiforme, are the most widely distributed and deadliest brain tumors because of their resistance to surgical and medical treatment. Research of glioma-specific bioconjugates for diagnosis and therapy developed rapidly during the past several years. Many studies have demonstrated that chlorotoxin (CTX) and Buthus martensii Karsch chlorotoxin (BmK CT) specifically inhibited glioma cells growth and metastasis, and accelerated tumor apoptosis.

Urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin level in diabetic retinopathy patients with type 2 diabetes.

Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant. Decreased melatonin excretion has been reported to be associated with several oxidative stress-related diseases. The urinary metabolite of melatonin, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), has proved to be a very reliable index of melatonin production.

A 14-year-old girl with an unusual combination of incontinentia pigmenti and conversion disorder.

Incontinentia pigmenti is a rare X-linked neurological-skin genetic disease. Some studies have shown that about 30~40% of patients with IP have varying symptoms of eye/central nervous system which are the major causes of disability. Conversion disorder is one of the most common mental diseases in children and may exhibit the single or multiple neurological symptoms.