tRNA m1A modification regulates cholesterol biosynthesis to promote antitumor immunity of CD8+ T cells.

Activation of CD8+ T cells necessitates rapid metabolic reprogramming to fulfill the substantial biosynthetic demands of effector functions. However, the posttranscriptional mechanisms underpinning this process remain obscure. The transfer RNA (tRNA) N1-methyladenine (m1A) modification, essential for tRNA stability and protein translation, has an undefined physiological function in CD8+ T cells, particularly in antitumor responses.

mSphere of Influence: Seeking the unseen fungi in tumors.

Ningning Liu works in the field of fungal infection and cancer progression, with a particular focus on the mechanism of host-pathogen interaction. In this mSphere of influence article, he reflects on how papers entitled "The fungal mycobiome promotes pancreatic oncogenesis via activation of MBL," by B. Aykut, S.

A Novel Polymersome Nanocarrier Promotes Anti-Tumour Immunity by Improved Priming of CD8 T Cells.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies, in addition to standard immuno- or chemotherapy and surgical approaches, have massively improved the outcome for cancer patients. However, these therapies have their limitations and improved strategies, including access to reliable cancer vaccines, are needed.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 upregulation in keratinocytes of oral lichen planus via c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway activation.

Background/purpose: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by basement membrane disruption, which plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a group of proteolytic enzymes, contribute to the degradation of the basement membrane. The specific MMPs secreted by keratinocytes in OLP lesions and relevant regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood.

A scientometric study of syphilis research by dermatologists and stomatologists: Underpinning their roles in public health.

Background/purpose: launched a call to action for dermatologists in the rise of syphilis. In practice, dermatologists and stomatologists perform early diagnoses of syphilis and refer patients to adequate treatment.

Materials And Methods: This scientometric study aimed to investigate and compare research trends and characteristics of syphilis publications by dermatologists and stomatologists in the Scopus database, with emphasis on the analysis of the keywords that can reflect research directions and topics of concern.

A scientometric study on research trends and characteristics of oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus.

Background/purpose: Oral leukoplakia (OLK) and oral lichen planus (OLP) represent two common oral potentially malignant disorders. It would be interesting to know scientific output and characteristics of studies on OLK and OLP.

Materials And Methods: This study aimed to investigate and compare scientometric characteristics of articles on OLK and OLP in the Scopus database, with emphasis on the analysis of the keywords that can reflect research directions and topics of concern.

A scientometric study on research trends and characteristics of discoid lupus erythematosus.

Background/purpose: Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) serves as an interdisciplinary disease involved in dermatology and stomatology in many cases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the scientometric characteristics and research trends of DLE.

Materials And Methods: All the papers on DLE were comprehensively retrieved from the Scopus database.

Type 2 diabetes: a sacrifice program handling energy surplus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with obesity, while interactions between the two diseases remain to be fully elucidated. To this point, we offer this perspective to introduce a set of new insights into the interpretation of T2DM spanning the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment approaches. These include a definition of T2DM as an energy surplus-induced diabetes characterized by the gradual decline of β cell insulin secretion function, which ultimately aims to prevent the onset of severe obesity through mechanisms of weight loss.

Skeletal organoids.

The skeletal system, composed of bones, muscles, joints, ligaments, and tendons, serves as the foundation for maintaining human posture, mobility, and overall biomechanical functionality. However, with ageing, chronic overuse, and acute injuries, conditions such as osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, muscle atrophy, and ligament or tendon tears have become increasingly prevalent and pose serious clinical challenges. These disorders not only result in pain, functional loss, and a marked reduction in patients' quality of life but also impose substantial social and economic burdens.

Impact of corticosteroids on the efficacy of CD19/22 CAR-T cell therapy in pediatric patients with B-ALL: a single-center study.

Introduction: Corticosteroids are used for toxicity management, raising concerns about whether they may affect the anti-leukemic effects of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells.

Methods And Results: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed patients (fined two subgroups based on disease burden. Of the 75 cases in the low disease burden (LDB) group (MRD < 5%, no extramedullary disease), there was no significant difference between the use of steroids and event-free survival (EFS) ( = 0.

Intestine-derived fibroblast growth factor 19 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury by regulating bile acid homeostasis and directly improving oxidative stress.

Background: Cholestasis plays a critical role in sepsis-associated liver injury (SALI). Intestine-derived fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is a key regulator for bile acid homeostasis. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of FGF19 in SALI are still unclear.

Awake prone positioning and ventilation distribution as assessed by electric impedance tomography in patients with non-COVID-19 acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: A prospective physiology study.

Background: Awake prone positioning (APP) can reportedly reduce the need for intubation and help improve prognosis of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) infected with COVID-19. However, its physiological mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of APP on lung ventilation in patients with moderate-to-severe AHRF to better understand the effects on ventilation distribution and to prevent intubation in non-intubated patients.

Nebulized aminoglycosides for ventilator-associated pneumonia: Methodological considerations and lessons from experimental studies.

Aminoglycosides are concentration-dependent antibiotics exerting a bactericidal effect when concentrations at the site of infection are equal to or greater than 5 times the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). When administered intravenously, they exhibit poor lung penetration and high systemic renal and ototoxicity, imposing to restrict their administration to 5 days. Experimental studies conducted in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep and pigs provide evidence that high doses of nebulized aminoglycosides induce a rapid and potent bacterial killing in the infected lung parenchyma.

Preoperative serum total bilirubin-albumin ratio as a prognostic indicator in patients with hepatitis-related cirrhosis after splenectomy.

Background: Splenectomy is an effective yet invasive intervention for alleviating portal pressure in patients with hepatitis cirrhosis. However, the current prognostic indicators for predicting long-term overall survival of these patients have several limitations.

Aim: To assess the potential of preoperative total bilirubin-albumin (B/A) ratio as a prognostic indicator for patients with hepatitis cirrhosis undergoing splenectomy.

Cochlear Organ Dissection, Immunostaining, and Confocal Imaging in Mice.

The organ of Corti, located in the inner ear, is the primary organ responsible for animal hearing. Each hair cell has a V-shaped or U-shaped hair bundle composed of actin-filled stereocilia and a kinocilium supported by true transport microtubules. Damage to these structures due to noise exposure, drug toxicity, aging, or environmental factors can lead to hearing loss and other disorders.

A biomarker framework for liver aging: the Aging Biomarker Consortium consensus statement.

In human aging, liver aging per se not only increases susceptibility to liver diseases but also increases vulnerability of other organs given its central role in regulating metabolism. Total liver function tends to be well maintained in the healthy elderly, so liver aging is generally difficult to identify early. In response to this critical challenge, the Aging Biomarker Consortium of China has formulated an expert consensus on biomarkers of liver aging by synthesizing the latest scientific literature, comprising insights from both scientists and clinicians.

Fatty acid oxidation-induced HIF-1α activation facilitates hepatic urate synthesis through upregulating NT5C2 and XDH.

Dyslipidemia affects approximately half of all people with gout, and prior Mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal role for elevated triglycerides in hyperuricemia (HU), but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesize that dyslipidemia promotes hepatic urate biosynthesis in HU and gout and fatty acid (FA) oxidation (FAO) drives this process. Here we developed a targeted metabolomics to quantify major metabolites in purine metabolic pathway in the sera of a human cohort with HU, gout, and normaluricemic controls.

Exploring age and gender disparities in cardiometabolic phenotypes and lipidomic signatures among Chinese adults: a nationwide cohort study.

Understanding sex disparities in modifiable risk factors across the lifespan is essential for crafting individualized intervention strategies. We aim to investigate age-related sex disparity in cardiometabolic phenotypes in a large nationwide Chinese cohort. A total of 254,670 adults aged 40 years or older were selected from a population-based cohort in China.

Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing in Pneumonia: Applications in the Detection of Responsible Pathogens, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence.

Background: Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) is a high-throughput and cost-effective diagnostic alternative for pneumonia, with the ability to simultaneously detect pathogens, antimicrobial resistance genes, and virulence genes. We aimed to explore the applicability of tNGS in the co-detection of the responsible pathogens, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and virulence genes in patients with pneumonia.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted among patients with suspected pneumonia at Ruijin Hospital from March 1 to May 31, 2023.

The role of VANGL2 in glioma oncogenesis and progression: insights into expression profiles and prognostic relevance.

Introduction: The Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway is pivotal in regulating various biological processes such as early embryonic development, neural crest cell migration, and cancer invasion. Despite advances in understanding the role of Wnt/PCP pathway dysregulation in tumorigenesis, numerous unanswered questions remain. Our study focused on VANGL2, a core PCP gene, to elucidate its potential mechanistic involvement in cancer development.