Natural variation and underlying genetic loci of γ-oryzanol in Asian cultivated rice seeds.

γ-oryzanol is the most studied component in rice (Oryza sativa L.) bran oil. It is not only associated with physiological processes of rice growth and development but also grain quality that is related to human health.

Abstract MP265: The Role Of Phosphodiesterase 10a In Tumor Growth And Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity.

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), through the degradation of cyclic nucleotides, play critical roles in cardiovascular biology and disease. PDE10A is able to hydrolyze both cAMP and cGMP. Its high expression in medium spiny neurons of the human striatum has led to the development of several PDE10A inhibitors with the intent to treat various psychiatric/neurodegenerative disorders, such as schizophrenia and Huntington's disease.

Apigenin induced autophagy and stimulated autophagic lipid degradation.

Apigenin, as a natural flavonoid, has been proved to have many biological effects. Our previous research has found the antiadipogenic effects of apigenin on HepG2 cells. Autophagy is intimately associated with the metabolism of lipid droplets (LDs) and is considered to be one of the lipid breakdown pathways.

Deep semi-supervised learning for brain tumor classification.

Background: This paper addresses issues of brain tumor, glioma, classification from four modalities of Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) scans (i.e., T1 weighted MRI, T1 weighted MRI with contrast-enhanced, T2 weighted MRI and FLAIR).

Absorbable nanocomposites composed of mesoporous bioglass nanoparticles and polyelectrolyte complexes for surgical hemorrhage control.

Absorbable polyelectrolyte complexes-based hemostats are promising for controlling hemorrhage in iatrogenic injuries during surgery, whereas their hemostatic efficacy and other performances require further improvement for clinical application. Herein, spherical mesoporous bioglass nanoparticles (mBGN) were fabricated, and mBGN-polyelectrolyte complexes (composed of carboxymethyl starch and chitosan oligosaccharide) nanocomposites (BGN/PEC) with different mBGN contents were prepared via in situ coprecipitation followed by lyophilization. The effect of various mBGN content (10 and 20 wt%) on morphology, zeta potential, water absorption, degradation behavior and ion release were systematically evaluated.

Effects of Fermentation on Compositions, Color, and Functional Properties of Gelatinized Potato Flours.

This study investigated effects of fermentation on compositions, color, and functional properties of gelatinized potato flours from Atlantic and Kexin No.1 cultivars. Atlantic flour (AF) and Kexin No.

Chitooligosaccharides display anti-tumor effects against human cervical cancer cells via the apoptotic and autophagic pathways.

Gynecological cancers are the most commonly diagnosed forms of cancer among the female population. Chitooligosaccharides (COS)-hydrolysis products from chitosan-display high bioavailability, high water solubility, and low molecular weight properties. Here, we investigated the influence of COS on 11 gynecological tumor cell types, and subsequently elucidated molecular mechanisms through which the observed inhibition occurred.

New insights into 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency based on a multi-centre study: regional distribution and genotype-phenotype profiling of in 190 Chinese patients.

Background: The 5α-reductase type 2 (5α-RD2) deficiency caused by mutations in the steroid 5α-reductase 2 () gene results in variable degrees of undervirilisation in patients with 46,XY disorders of sex development. This study aims to profile the regional distribution and phenotype-genotype characteristics of in a large Chinese 5α-RD2 deficiency cohort through multi-centre analysis.

Methods: 190 subjects diagnosed with 5α-RD2 deficiency were consecutively enrolled from eight medical centres in China.

Response to Acid Adaptation in Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis.

Acid adaptation in Salmonella Enteritidis was characterized by phenotypic and gene-expression analyses. S. Enteritidis cells at log-phase and stationary-phase were kept at pH 4.

Preparation, Optimization, and Characterization of Natural Apple Essence-Loaded Liposomes.

Natural apple essence has been utilized as a flavor enhancer in food and other products, but the aroma components are highly volatile, limiting its applications. In this study, apple essence-loaded liposomes (AEL) were prepared by an ultrasonic thin-film evaporation method to enhance the stability of apple essence. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effects of cholesterol to lecithin ratio, apple essence concentration, and ultrasonic power on apple essence entrapment quantity in liposomes.

Polyphenols in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): Chemistry, Analysis, and Factors Affecting Composition.

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important grain legumes worldwide. Polyphenols are the predominant bioactive components with multifold bioactivities in diverse common bean cultivars.

Combination of Multilocus Sequence Typing and GS-PCR Reveals an Association of Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Clone with Clinical and Seafood Isolates.

Unlabelled: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a global leading cause of seafood-borne bacterial gastroenteritis. Clinical, seafood, and environmental V. parahaemolyticus isolates from the eastern coast of China were analyzed for their virulence, and for phenotypic and molecular traits.

Natural Products for the Prevention and Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection.

Helicobacter pylori is the main pathogen that induces chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, atrophic gastritis, and other gastric disorders, and it is classified as a group I carcinogen. To eradicate H. pylori infection, triple therapy consisting of two antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor is the most widely recommended first-line therapeutic strategy.

Quantitative analysis of mitoflash excited by femtosecond laser.

Mitochondrial oxidative flashes (mitoflashes) are oxidative burst events in mitochondria. It is crosslinked with numerous mitochondrial molecular processes and related with pivotal cell functions such as apoptosis and respiration. In previous research, mitoflashes were found as spontaneous occasional events.

Intracellular Expression of Antifreeze Peptides in Food Grade Lactococcus lactis and Evaluation of Their Cryoprotective Activity.

Unlabelled: Antifreeze peptides can protect living organisms from low temperatures by preventing damage or killing due to ice crystal formation between cells. Therefore, antifreeze peptides can be used as a low temperature protectant for cryopreservation of cells and tissues, and also in food production. In this study, a recombinant SF-P gene was constructed and inserted into pNZ8149 to construct a food grade expression vector, which was then electroporated into Lactococcus lactis NZ3900.

Natural Products for Prevention and Treatment of Chemical-Induced Liver Injuries.

Chemicals (such as alcohol, drugs, and pollutants) may cause liver injuries, which could consequently develop into fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure, or even cancers. Liver injuries have been a serious public health problem worldwide. Numerous natural products and their bioactive components have shown protective action for liver injuries, such as blueberry, cactus fruits, Pueraria lobate, betaine, and silymarin.

Dietary Intake of Structured Lipids with Different Contents of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids on Obesity Prevention in C57BL/6J Mice.

Three medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) with different contents of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) (10% to 30%, w/w) were prepared and evaluated for their anti-obesity potential in C57BL/6J mice. The group fed with a high fat diet of MLCT containing 30% (w/w) MCFA showed significantly decreased body weight and fat mass (P < 0.05) relative to the control mice fed an obesity-inducing high fat rapeseed oil diet.

Solanum Muricatum Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow Stromal Cells.

Solanum muricatum (SM), also known as pepino, is known for its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SM extract in promoting osteogenic differentiation and regulating the Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways. Ingredients of pepino were extracted and identified.

Effects of Fermented Edible Seeds and Their Products on Human Health: Bioactive Components and Bioactivities.

There is a long history of using fermentation in food production. Edible seeds, such as certain beans and cereal grains, are important in the human diet and provide many health benefits. Various microbes, such as lactic acid bacteria, molds, and yeasts, considered as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) microbes, are commonly used to ferment edible seeds and their products.

Preparation and Oxidation Stability Evaluation of Tea Polyphenols-Loaded Inverse Micro-Emulsion.

Compared to synthetic antioxidants, tea polyphenols (TPs) has its own advantages in edible oil industry, however, the hydrophilic properties have restricted its applications. In this study, the ternary phase diagram of TPs-loaded micro-emulsion (ME) system was constructed, in which glyceryl monooleate (GMO), Tween80, linoleic acid as the surfactants, ethanol as the co-surfactant and soybean, corn, sunflower oil as the oil phase, have been used for the preparation of ME. The results indicated that a composition of ME (57.

Phenolic Fractions from Muscadine Grape "Noble" Pomace can Inhibit Breast Cancer Cell MDA-MB-231 Better than those from European Grape "Cabernet Sauvignon" and Induce S-Phase Arrest and Apoptosis.

Tons of grape pomace which still contained a rich amount of plant polyphenols, is discarded after winemaking. Plant polyphenols have multi-functional activities for human body. In this study, polyphenols of pomaces from Muscadinia rotundifolia "Noble" and Vitis vinifera "Cabernet Sauvignon" were extracted and fractionated, and then they were analyzed with LC-MS and the inhibitory effects on breast cancer cells were compared.

Antitumor, Antioxidant, and Nitrite Scavenging Effects of Chinese Water Chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) Peel Flavonoids.

The preparation, quantification, and characterization of flavonoid compounds from Chinese water chestnut peel (CWCP) flavonoid extract and ethyl acetate fraction (EF), n-butanol fraction, and water fraction were studied. Among these, EF showed the maximum free radical levels (IC values of 0.36, 0.

Functional Properties and Morphological Characters of Soluble Dietary Fibers in Different Edible Parts of Angelica Keiskei.

This study comparatively investigated the functional properties, chemical compositions, and morphological characters of soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) from the root, stem, and leaf of Angelica keiskei. The SDFs showed relevant functional properties, with the root SDF (RSDF) exhibiting the highest water-holding capacity (22.6 g/g), oil-holding capacity (6.