DNA Damage Induces a Secretory Program in the Quiescent TME that Fosters Adverse Cancer Phenotypes.

Carcinomas develop in complex environments that include a diverse spectrum of cell types that influence tumor cell behavior. These microenvironments represent dynamic systems that contribute to pathologic processes. Damage to DNA is a notable inducer of both transient and permanent alterations in cellular phenotypes.

Protein engineering of insulin: Two novel fast-acting insulins [B16Ala]insulin and [B26Ala]insulin.

Blood glucose lowering assay proved that [B16Ala]insulin and [B26Ala]insulin exhibit potency of acute blood glucose lowering in normal pigs, which demonstrates that they are fast-acting insulin. Single-chain precursor of [B16Ala]insulin and [B26Ala]insulin is [B16Ala]PIP and [B26Ala]PIP, respectively, which are suitable for gene expression. Secretory expression level of the precursors in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris was quite high, 650 mg/L and 130 mg/L, respectively.

Complete sequence of the 10.3 kb silkworm Attacus ricini rDNA repeat, determination of the transcriptional initiation site and functional analysis of the intergenic spacer.

A complete sequence of the 10.3 kb silkworm rDNA repeat in Attacus ricini (also called as Samia cynthia ricini) was first determined here, and sequences coding for 18S, 5.8S and 28S were also mapped to rDNA unit.