Conference 2024: Building an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health.

The Conference 2024 provides a platform to promote the development of an innovative scientific research ecosystem for microbiome and One Health. The four key components - Technology, Research (Biology), Academic journals, and Social media - form a synergistic ecosystem. Advanced technologies drive biological research, which generates novel insights that are disseminated through academic journals.

Genomic investigation and nationwide tracking of pediatric invasive nontyphoidal in China.

Invasive nontyphoidal (iNTS) causes significant concern with ~15% morbidity, affecting populations mainly in African countries. However, iNTS infections among the Chinese pediatric population remain largely unknown. Here, we conducted a genomic investigation to study pediatric iNTS infections in a Chinese hospital.

Conserved cellular patterning in the mesophyll of rice leaves.

The mesophyll cells of grass leaves, such as rice, are traditionally viewed as displaying a relatively uniform pattern, in contrast to the clear distinctions of palisade and spongy layers in typical eudicot leaves. This quantitative analysis of mesophyll cell size and shape in rice leaves reveals that there is an inherent pattern in which cells in the middle layer of the mesophyll are larger and less circular and have a distinct orientation of their long axis compared to mesophyll cells in other layers. Moreover, this pattern was observed in a range of rice cultivars and species.

DNA topoisomerase 2-associated proteins PATL1 and PATL2 regulate the biogenesis of hERG K channels.

The human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) K channel conducts a rapidly activating delayed rectifier K current (I), which is essential for normal electrical activity of the heart. Precise regulation of hERG channel biogenesis is critical for serving its physiological functions, and deviations from the regulation result in human diseases. However, the mechanism underlying the precise regulation of hERG channel biogenesis remains elusive.

From mouse to mouse-ear cress: Nanomaterials as vehicles in plant biotechnology.

Biological applications of nanomaterials as delivery carriers have been embedded in traditional biomedical research for decades. Despite lagging behind, recent significant breakthroughs in the use of nanocarriers as tools for plant biotechnology have created great interest. In this Perspective, we review the outstanding recent works in nanocarrier-mediated plant transformation and its agricultural applications.

Avidity-Based Selection of Tissue-Specific CAR-T Cells from a Combinatorial Cellular Library of CARs.

Using T-cell chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T) to activate and redirect T cells to tumors expressing the cognate antigen represents a powerful approach in cancer therapy. However, normal tissues with low expression of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) can be mistargeted, resulting in severe side effects. An approach using a collection of T cells expressing a diverse, 10-member combinatorial cellular library of CARs, in which members can be specifically enriched based on avidity for cell membrane antigens, is reported.

The relationship between the chemical composition and the quality of the soybean film during peeling process.

Soybean film is a traditional nonfermented soy product in China. It is a film formed on the surface of the soymilk during heating process. The nutrient components of soymilk will affect the quality of the soybean film.

Selection of a Full Agonist Combinatorial Antibody that Rescues Leptin Deficiency In Vivo.

Growth factor deficiency in adulthood constitutes a distinct clinical syndrome with significant morbidities including abnormal body composition, reduced energy, affective disturbances, dyslipidemia, and increased cardiovascular risk. Protein replacement therapies using recombinant proteins or enzymes represent the only approved treatment. Combinatorial antibodies have shown great promise as a new class of therapeutic molecules because they act as "mechanism-based antibodies" with both agonist and antagonist activities.

Comparison of with Diploid and Cultivated Tetraploid Genomes Reveals Asymmetric Subgenome Evolution and Improvement of Peanut.

Like many important crops, peanut is a polyploid that underwent polyploidization, evolution, and domestication. The wild allotetraploid peanut species () is an important and unique link from the wild diploid species to cultivated tetraploid species in the lineage. However, little is known about and its role in the evolution and domestication of this important crop.

The REN4 rheostat dynamically coordinates the apical and lateral domains of Arabidopsis pollen tubes.

The dynamic maintenance of polar domains in the plasma membrane (PM) is critical for many fundamental processes, e.g., polar cell growth and growth guidance but remains poorly characterized.

High expression of PALB2 predicts poor prognosis in patients with advanced breast cancer.

mutation is associated with increased breast cancer risk; however, mutation is rare in sporadic breast cancer cases and little is known about PALB2 expression in breast cancer. Here, we evaluated the prognostic effects of with tissue microarray specimens of 117 female breast cancer patients, and determined the potential underlying mechanisms in cell models. In immunohistochemical analysis, we found increased expression of PALB2 in breast cancer tissues compared with the adjacent normal ductal epithelium ( < 0.

Divergent regeneration-competent cells adopt a common mechanism for callus initiation in angiosperms.

In tissue culture, the formation of callus from detached explants is a key step in plant regeneration; however, the regenerative abilities in different species are variable. While nearly all parts of organs of the dicot are ready for callus formation, mature regions of organs in monocot rice () and other cereals are extremely unresponsive to tissue culture. Whether there is a common molecular mechanism beyond these different regenerative phenomena is unclear.

Rapamycin and CHIR99021 Coordinate Robust Cardiomyocyte Differentiation From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Via Reducing p53-Dependent Apoptosis.

Background: Cardiomyocytes differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells can serve as an unexhausted source for a cellular cardiac disease model. Although small molecule-mediated cardiomyocyte differentiation methods have been established, the differentiation efficiency is relatively unsatisfactory in multiple lines due to line-to-line variation. Additionally, hurdles including line-specific low expression of endogenous growth factors and the high apoptotic tendency of human pluripotent stem cells also need to be overcome to establish robust and efficient cardiomyocyte differentiation.

Revisiting the phylogeny of in Collembola.

The endosymbiont has been detected in a few parthenogenetic collembolans sampled in Europe and America, including three species of Poduromorpha, two species of Entomobryomorpha, and two species of Neelipleona. Based on 16S rRNA and gene sequences, most of the infecting parthenogenetic collembolans were characterized as members of supergroup E and showed concordant phylogeny with their hosts. However, the two neelipleonan symbionts form another unique group, indicating that has infected parthenogenetic collembolans multiple times.

Suppression of miR-199a maturation by HuR is crucial for hypoxia-induced glycolytic switch in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Glucose metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. Cancer cells rapidly adjust their energy source from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolytic metabolism in order to efficiently proliferate in a hypoxic environment, but the mechanism underlying this switch is still incompletely understood. Here, we report that hypoxia potently induces the RNA-binding protein HuR to specifically bind primary miR-199a transcript to block miR-199a maturation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.

The Mediator subunit MED23 couples H2B mono-ubiquitination to transcriptional control and cell fate determination.

The Mediator complex orchestrates multiple transcription factors with the Pol II apparatus for precise transcriptional control. However, its interplay with the surrounding chromatin remains poorly understood. Here, we analyze differential histone modifications between WT and MED23(-/-) (KO) cells and identify H2B mono-ubiquitination at lysine 120 (H2Bub) as a MED23-dependent histone modification.

Structural basis of intramitochondrial phosphatidic acid transport mediated by Ups1-Mdm35 complex.

Ups1 forms a complex with Mdm35 and is critical for the transport of phosphatidic acid (PA) from the mitochondrial outer membrane to the inner membrane. We report the crystal structure of the Ups1-Mdm35-PA complex and the functional characterization of Ups1-Mdm35 in PA binding and transfer. Ups1 features a barrel-like structure consisting of an antiparallel β-sheet and three α-helices.

Genetic and epigenetic control of plant heat responses.

Plants have evolved sophisticated genetic and epigenetic regulatory systems to respond quickly to unfavorable environmental conditions such as heat, cold, drought, and pathogen infections. In particular, heat greatly affects plant growth and development, immunity and circadian rhythm, and poses a serious threat to the global food supply. According to temperatures exposing, heat can be usually classified as warm ambient temperature (about 22-27°C), high temperature (27-30°C) and extremely high temperature (37-42°C, also known as heat stress) for the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

ADAP and SKAP55 deficiency suppresses PD-1 expression in CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes for enhanced anti-tumor immunotherapy.

PD-1 negatively regulates CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) cytotoxicity and anti-tumor immunity. However, it is not fully understood how PD-1 expression on CD8(+) CTL is regulated during anti-tumor immunotherapy. In this study, we have identified that the ADAP-SKAP55 signaling module reduced CD8(+) CTL cytotoxicity and enhanced PD-1 expression in a Fyn-, Ca(2+)-, and NFATc1-dependent manner.

A simple method suitable to study de novo root organogenesis.

De novo root organogenesis is the process in which adventitious roots regenerate from detached or wounded plant tissues or organs. In tissue culture, appropriate types and concentrations of plant hormones in the medium are critical for inducing adventitious roots. However, in natural conditions, regeneration from detached organs is likely to rely on endogenous hormones.