Microsaccades reflect attention shifts: a mini review of 20 years of microsaccade research.

Microsaccades are small, involuntary eye movements that occur during fixation. Since the 1950s, researchers have conducted extensive research on the role of microsaccades in visual information processing, and found that they also play an important role in human advanced visual cognitive activities. Research over the past 20 years further suggested that there is a close relationship between microsaccades and visual attention, yet lacking a timely review.

The closed-loop control method based on dual-port adaptive internal model control for fine image stabilization of space telescopes.

In view of the complex working environment of space astronomical telescopes, the influence of various disturbance sources on the imaging quality cannot be ignored. This paper focuses on compensating for the space telescope line-of-sight (LOS) deviation and suppressing the low-frequency disturbance problem in astronomical observation. A closed-loop control method based on dual-port adaptive internal model control (AIMC) for the fine image stabilization system (FISS) was proposed.

Multifunctional Metasurfaces Enabled by Multifold Geometric Phase Interference.

Geometric phase is frequently used in artificially designed metasurfaces; it is typically used only once in reported works, leading to conjugate responses of two spins. Supercells containing multiple nanoantennas can break this limitation by introducing more degrees of freedom to generate new modulation capabilities. Here, we provide a method for constructing supercells for geometric phases using triple rotations, each of which achieves a specific modulation function.

Olive oil authentication based on quantitative β-carotene Raman spectra detection.

β-carotene and oleic acids are important molecules to distinguish between extra olive oil (EVOO) and other oils. To identify adulteration which use common vegetable oils blended with β-carotene to imitate EVOO, a non-invasive, lossless method is proved to be effective. The present work presents a laser confocal Raman technique for analyzing and comparing the differences of molecule between EVOO and SSO, which based on theoretical Raman spectra of β-carotene, oleic acids and linoleic acids calculated by density functional theory (DFT).

Acceptor engineering for NIR-II dyes with high photochemical and biomedical performance.

It is highly important and challenging to develop donor-acceptor-donor structured small-molecule second near-infrared window (NIR-II) dyes with excellent properties such as water-solubility and chem/photostability. Here, we discovery an electron acceptor, 6,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline (TQT) with highest stability in alkaline conditions, compared with conventional NIR-II building block benzobisthiadiazole (BBT) and 6,7-diphenyl-[1,2,5] thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline (PTQ). The sulfonated hydrophilic dye, FT-TQT, is further synthesized with 2.

Capillaries segmentation of NIR-II images and its application in ischemic stroke.

Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) offers μm resolution blood vessel information noninvasively, which is crucial for the diagnosis and surgery treatment of some blood vessel-related diseases. However, only a few blood vessel segmentation algorithms have been done for the NIR-II images so far. Here, we proposed a vessel segmentation algorithm that used multi-scale enhancement and fractional differential to enhance capillaries, and then segmented vessels based on the blood vessels' tubular characteristics.

Study on the Raman spectral characteristics of dynamic and static blood and its application in species identification.

This paper proposes a method to identify the blood of 4 poultry species (chicken, duck, goose and pigeon) based on Raman spectroscopy and its baseline. Samples were prepared by pretreatment methods of freezing, thawing, and dilution. The Raman spectra of dynamic blood and static blood were measured, respectively, and the spectral differences between the two research schemes were analyzed.

Research and Application Validation of a Feature Wavelength Selection Method Based on Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter (AOTF) and Automatic Machine Learning (AutoML).

Near-infrared spectroscopy has been widely applied in various fields such as food analysis and agricultural testing. However, the conventional method of scanning the full spectrum of the sample and then invoking the model to analyze and predict results has a large amount of collected data, redundant information, slow acquisition speed, and high model complexity. This paper proposes a feature wavelength selection approach based on acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF) spectroscopy and automatic machine learning (AutoML).

Learning to Reason on Tree Structures for Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering.

Collaborative reasoning for knowledge-based visual question answering is challenging but vital and efficient in understanding the features of the images and questions. While previous methods jointly fuse all kinds of features by attention mechanism or use handcrafted rules to generate a layout for performing compositional reasoning, which lacks the process of visual reasoning and introduces a large number of parameters for predicting the correct answer. For conducting visual reasoning on all kinds of image-question pairs, in this paper, we propose a novel reasoning model of a question-guided tree structure with a knowledge base (QGTSKB) for addressing these problems.

Adversarial Learning with Bidirectional Attention for Visual Question Answering.

In this paper, we provide external image features and use the internal attention mechanism to solve the VQA problem given a dataset of textual questions and related images. Most previous models for VQA use a pair of images and questions as input. In addition, the model adopts a question-oriented attention mechanism to extract the features of the entire image and then perform feature fusion.

Applications of AOTF Spectrometers in In Situ Lunar Measurements.

Spectrometers based on acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs) have several advantages, such as stable temperature adaptability, no moving parts, and wavelength selection through electrical modulation, compared with the traditional grating and Fourier transform spectrometers. Therefore, AOTF spectrometers can realize stable in situ measurement on the lunar surface under wide temperature ranges and low light environments. AOTF imaging spectrometers were first employed for in situ measurement of the lunar surface in the Chinese Chang'e project.

Spectral detection technology of vegetable oil: Spectral analysis of porphyrins and terpenoids.

In this paper, the existence of porphyrins and terpenoids in different vegetable oils and their spectral characterization techniques are reported. The classification of pure vegetable oils was realised by principal component analysis - support vector machine (PCA-SVM) model. The absorption spectra, Raman spectra, fluorescence spectra and supercontinuum spectra of 8 kinds of pure vegetable oils were studied, and the effects of oil types and processing technology on spectral differences were analysed.

Rapid detection of Chinese-specific peony seed oil by using confocal Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics.

Peony seed oil (PSO) is a new woody nut oil which is unique to China. Its unsaturated fatty acids are over 90% and are rich in α - linolenic acid. Although the PSO industry is in its infancy, it is bound to become a top vegetable oil food material because of its own advantages.

Elastic Particle Swarm Optimization for MarSCoDe Spectral Calibration on Tianwen-1 Mars Rover.

China's Tianwen-1 Mars rover carries a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) payload named MarSCoDe to analyze the mineral and rock composition on Mars. MarSCoDe is expected to experience a wide working temperature range of about 100 °C, which will lead to a spectral shift of up to ∼40 pixels (∼8.13 nm).

Dynamic confocal Raman spectroscopy of flowing blood in bionic blood vessel.

How to quickly and safely identify blood species has always been an urgent problem for scientists. Smear test method has the risk of blood contamination, and the blood itself may carry some unknown viruses or pathogens, which will bring health risks to the testing personnel. Therefore, in order to meet the urgent needs of rapid and safe detection of blood, a technology which can detect dynamic confocal Raman spectroscopy of flowing blood in bionic blood vessel was proposed.

Effect of chlorophyll fluorescence quenching on quantitative analysis of adulteration in extra virgin olive oil.

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is both edible oil and health care product. Adulteration in high quality vegetable oil is a ubiquitous fraud, especially in the market of EVOO. Spectroscopy is an effective means to realize the rapid detection of adulteration in EVOO, but the accuracy of quantitative analysis is the short board of spectral detection.

Intrinsic Color Sensing System Allows for Real-Time Observable Functional Changes on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes.

Stem-cell based differentiation for disease modeling offers great value to explore the molecular and functional underpinnings driving many types of cardiomyopathy and congenital heart diseases. Nevertheless, one major caveat in the application of differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) involves the immature phenotype of the CMs. Most of the existing methods need complex apparatus and require laborious procedures in order to monitor the cardiac differentiation/maturation process and often result in cell death.

Phase, Conductivity, and Surface Coordination Environment in Two-Dimensional Electrochemistry.

The booming frontier of electrochemistry is radically transforming the landscape of global chemical and energy industry. Most recent advancements in electrocatalysts have been built on trial and error, lacking model experiments to illuminate the fundamental factors hidden behind, such as phase, conductivity, and surface coordination environment. Here, we use phase-controllable, highly oriented two-dimensional MoTe as the model catalysts.

Thermal Effects of Acupuncture by the Infrared Thermography Test in Patients With Tinnitus.

Previous studies have confirmed the efficacy of acupuncture treatment for tinnitus. However, no relevant studies of the exact mechanism of acupuncture efficacy on tinnitus have been published. Enrolled participants with left-sided tinnitus received acupuncture treatment at TE3 and TE5.

Stimulated Brillouin scattering in combination with visible absorption spectroscopy for authentication of vegetable oils and detection of olive oil adulteration.

Vegetable oils provide high nutritional value in the human diet. Specifically, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) possesses a higher price than that of other vegetable oils. Adulteration of pure EVOO with other types of vegetable oils has attracted increasing attentions.

Infrared Image Super Resolution by Combining Compressive Sensing and Deep Learning.

Super resolution methods alleviate the high cost and high difficulty in applying high resolution infrared image sensors. In this paper we present a novel single image super resolution method for infrared images by combining compressive sensing theory and deep learning. Low resolution images can be regarded as the compressed sampling results of the high resolution ones in compressive sensing.

Theoretical studies of the EPR parameters and local structures for the two Cu centers in Cd(HCOO) ·2H O.

Based on the studies of the electron paramagnetic resonance parameters for two types of the Cu centers in Cd(HCOO) ·2H O by using the high-order perturbation formulas for a 3d ion in a rhombically elongated octahedron, local structure of the doped copper ion is determined. Research suggests that the impurity Cu replaces the host Cd and undergoes the local rhombic elongation distortion, characterized by the axial elongation ratios of 4.1%, and 3.

Remote quantitative analysis of minerals based on multispectral line-calibrated laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a feasible remote sensing technique used for mineral analysis in some unapproachable places where in situ probing is needed, such as analysis of radioactive elements in a nuclear leak or the detection of elemental compositions and contents of minerals on planetary and lunar surfaces. Here a compact custom 15 m focus optical component, combining a six times beam expander with a telescope, has been built, with which the laser beam of a 1064 nm Nd ; YAG laser is focused on remote minerals. The excited LIBS signals that reveal the elemental compositions of minerals are collected by another compact single lens-based signal acquisition system.

Thermal computed tomography for biological tissue reconstruction based on radiation balance.

In this paper, a thermal computed tomography (TCT) for structural reconstruction of optical-thin biological tissues is proposed, which is based on a radiation balance between adjacent infinitesimals. A theoretical analysis has been carried out and several influential factors have been analyzed for the reconstructions of a physical model in numerical simulations. The simulation results give a criterion of how to choose an appropriate set of parameters to reconstruct biological tissues with the TCT.