Hypoparathyroidism: Similarities and differences between Western and Eastern countries.

Backgroud: Hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT) is characterized by acute and chronic complications due to insufficient parathyroid hormone (PTH) production or action. Several management guidelines have been developed, but mostly based on evidence from Western countries. Data from Eastern countries have not been systematically compared with those from Western countries.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Through Lifestyle Interventions in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes-A Summary of Participant and Intervention Characteristics.

: We aimed to review the effect of lifestyle interventions in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on the participants and intervention characteristics. : We systematically searched seven databases for RCTs of lifestyle interventions published up to 24 July 2024. We included 30 studies that reported the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or body weight.

Socioeconomic and mental health inequalities in global burden of type 2 diabetes: Evidence from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Aim: To explore the holistic impact of socioeconomic and mental health inequalities on the global burden of type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study used data on the incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality of type 2 diabetes as well as DALYs attributable to risk factors during 1990-2021 from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Average annual percent change (AAPC) was applied to assess the temporal trends from 1990 to 2021.

Global and Regional Burden of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Attributable to Low Physical Activity From 1990 to 2021.

Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) contributes to the heavy burden, but there lacks latest and comprehensive global research on the burden of T2DM attributable to low physical activity (LPA). This study aimed to quantify the global and regional burden of T2DM attributable to LPA from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: We utilized data including disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), mortality, age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (ASDR), and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021.

[Certain key questions in the diagnosis and treatment of primary osteoporosis and other disorders related to abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism].

When diagnosing and treating primary osteoporosis and various calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorders, we must pay attention to some key points: diagnosing primary osteoporosis only after excluding secondary factors; understanding the features of various calcium supplements and anti-osteoporosis drugs; and selecting appropriate medications; foreseeing the changes in calcium-phosphorus metabolism after using anti-osteoporosis drugs. This article delves into the aforementioned key issues in the diagnosis and treatment of primary osteoporosis and various disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. It emphasizes the pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, rational drug use, and precautions for primary osteoporosis and various disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, aiming to enhance the level of disease diagnosis and treatment through a holistic thinking.

Structural insights into the LGR4-RSPO2-ZNRF3 complexes regulating WNT/β-catenin signaling.

WNT/β-catenin signaling plays key roles in development and cancer. ZNRF3/RNF43 modulates Frizzleds through ubiquitination, dampening WNT/β-catenin signaling. Conversely, RSPO1-4 binding to LGR4-6 and ZNRF3/RNF43 enhances WNT/β-catenin signaling.

Global, regional, and national trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus burden among adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years from 1990 to 2021: a trend analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses an escalating public health challenge among adolescents and young adults worldwide. Despite the rising incidence, comprehensive data on the burden and trends of T2DM in this demographic remain scarce. This study aims to evaluate the burden of T2DM among individuals aged 10-24 years globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.

A feeding-induced myokine modulates glucose homeostasis.

Maintaining blood glucose homeostasis during fasting and feeding is crucial for the prevention of dysregulation that can lead to either hypo- or hyperglycaemia. Here we identified feimin, encoded by a gene with a previously unknown function (B230219D22Rik in mice, C5orf24 in humans), as a key modulator of glucose homeostasis. Feimin is secreted from skeletal muscle during feeding and binds to its receptor, receptor protein tyrosine kinase Mer (MERTK), promoting glucose uptake and inhibiting glucose production by activation of AKT.

Heterogeneous blood pressure treatment effects on cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes: A machine learning analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Aim: We aimed to identify the characteristics of patients with diabetes who can derive cognitive benefits from intensive blood pressure (BP) treatment using machine learning methods.

Materials And Methods: Using data from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) study, 1349 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent BP treatment (intensive treatment targeting a systolic BP <120 mmHg vs. standard treatment targeting <140 mmHg) were included in the machine learning analysis.

Gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk: an observational and Mendelian randomization study.

This study aimed to comprehensively examine the association of gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to estimate the observational associations of gallstones and cholecystectomy with cancer risk, using data from a nationwide cohort involving 239 799 participants. General and gender-specific two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was further conducted to assess the causalities of the observed associations.

Shared genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes with muscle mass and function and frailty reveals comorbidity etiology and pleiotropic druggable targets.

Background: Delineating the shared genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes with muscle mass and function and frailty is essential for unraveling the common etiology and developing holistic therapeutic strategies for these co-existing conditions.

Methods: In this genome-wide pleiotropic association study, we performed multi-level pairwise trait pleiotropic analyses using genome-wide association study summary statistics from up to 461,026 European ancestry individuals to dissect the shared genetic factors and causal relationships of type 2 diabetes and seven glycemic traits with four muscle mass- and function-related phenotypes and the frailty index.

Results: We first identified 27 pairs with significant genetic correlations through the linkage disequilibrium score regression and high-definition likelihood analysis.

A famsin-glucagon axis mediates glucose homeostasis.

Glucagon is essential for glucose homeostasis, and its dysregulation is associated with diabetes. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms governing glucagon secretion remain incompletely understood. Here, we unveil that famsin, a gut-secreted hormone, promotes glucagon release and modulates glucose homeostasis.

Standardized assessment of energy excretion in healthy adults: a novel methodology.

Background: Accurate monitoring of energy balance is essential for effective weight management, but the role of energy excretion is often neglected.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate a standardized method for assessing energy excretion using dye-labeled meal replacement bars with consistent and stable ingredients.

Methods: We utilized baseline data from a registered cross-over trial involving 12 healthy adults (7 females and 5 males) with a body mass index of 18-25 kg/m.

π-HuB: the proteomic navigator of the human body.

The human body contains trillions of cells, classified into specific cell types, with diverse morphologies and functions. In addition, cells of the same type can assume different states within an individual's body during their lifetime. Understanding the complexities of the proteome in the context of a human organism and its many potential states is a necessary requirement to understanding human biology, but these complexities can neither be predicted from the genome, nor have they been systematically measurable with available technologies.

Sex Difference and Socioeconomic Inequity in Chinese People With Hypertension: National Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

Background: Sex differences in blood pressure (BP) levels and hypertension are important and the role of socioeconomic status (SES) in sex differences in hypertension remains unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of SES on sex differences of hypertension in a nationally representative survey study.

Methods: A total of 98,658 participants aged ≥18 years who have lived in their current residence for ≥6 months were recruited from 162 study sites across mainland China.

Diabetes in China part 2: prevention, challenges, and progress.

During the past 40 years, the prevalence of diabetes in China has increased from less than 1·0% in 1980 to 12·4% in 2018, an increase in line with the rapid growth of the nation's economy. To address such a burden, the Healthy China 2030 initiative and subsequent Action Plan, including a diabetes prevention and control campaign, were launched. A shift from a disease-centred approach to a health-centred approach and from treatment to prevention is the core of the Action Plan and diabetes management in China.

Diabetes in China part 1: epidemiology and risk factors.

The prevalence of diabetes in China is rapidly increasing. China now has the largest number of people living with diabetes worldwide, accounting for approximately one-quarter of the global diabetes population. Since the late 1970s, China has experienced profound changes and rapid economic growth, leading to shifts in lifestyle.

Global trends and biological activity hotspots of D-limonene in essential oils: a 30-year bibliometric study.

This study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research trends and hotspots related to the biological activities of D-limonene, a prominent monoterpene compound found in essential oils, that warrant attention. We performed a bibliometric analysis of 1928 publications sourced from the Web of Science core database, covering the period from 1994 to 2024. Utilizing CiteSpace and VOSviewer software, we analyzed publication trends, collaboration networks among countries, institutions, and authors, and explored the evolution of research themes and current hotspots through keyword analysis.

Brain multi-omic Mendelian randomisation to identify novel drug targets for gliomagenesis.

Background: Genetic variants associated with molecular traits that are also associated with liability to glioma can provide causal evidence for the identification and prioritisation of drug targets.

Methods: We performed comprehensive two-sample Mendelian randomisation (Wald ratio and/or IVW) and colocalisation analyses of molecular traits on glioma. Instrumentable traits (QTLs P < 5 × 10-8) were identified amongst 11 985 gene expression measures, 13 285 splicing isoforms and 10 198 protein abundance measures, derived from 15 brain regions.