Vagotomy suppresses food intake by increasing GLP-1 secretion via the M3 AChR-AMPKα pathway in mice.

Objective: The gut-brain axis (GBA) is involved in the modulation of multiple physiological activities, and the vagus nerve plays an important role in this process. However, the association between vagus nerve function and nutritional regulation remains unclear. Here, we explored changes in the nutritional status of mice after vagotomy and investigated the underlying mechanisms responsible for these changes.

SS-31@Fer-1 Alleviates ferroptosis in hypoxia/reoxygenation cardiomyocytes via mitochondrial targeting.

Purpose: Targeting mitochondrial ferroptosis presents a promising strategy for mitigating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the mitochondrial-targeted ferroptosis inhibitor SS-31@Fer-1 (elamipretide@ferrostatin1) in reducing myocardial I/R injury.

Methods: SS-31@Fer-1 was synthesized and applied to H9C2 cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) to assess its protective effects.

N-acetyl-tryptophan in Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery.

Background: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury is a common serious complication after cardiac surgery. Currently, there are no specific pharmacological therapies. Our understanding of its pathophysiology remains preliminary.

Transanal vs Laparoscopic Total Mesorectal Excision and 3-Year Disease-Free Survival in Rectal Cancer: The TaLaR Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Previous studies have demonstrated the advantages of short-term histopathological outcomes and complications associated with transanal total mesorectal excision (TME) compared with laparoscopic TME. However, the long-term oncological outcomes of transanal TME remain ambiguous. This study aims to compare 3-year disease-free survival of transanal TME with laparoscopic TME.

Valence State Hydrogen Channel Enhances Sustained and Controllable Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in Diabetic Skin Wound Healing.

Diabetes significantly increases the risk of serious health issues, including prolonged skin inflammation and delayed wound healing, owing to inferior glucose control and suppression of the immune system. Although traditional hydrogen (H2) therapy is slightly effective, its ability to tailor the release of H2 on the skin is limited. Accordingly, this study proposed a novel strategy for electrocatalytic H2 release under neutral conditions to promote wound healing in diabetic mice and rabbit.

Construction and Development of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Program for the Surgical Management of Patients With Spinal Metastasis: A Modified Delphi Study.

Objective: As an effective treatment for spinal metastasis (SM), ERAS protocol can significantly reduce the length of hospital stay and complications in patients. Establishing an ERAS program for perioperative care after SM surgery is a clinical problem that needs to be addressed urgently. We aimed to develop an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program and Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) that conferred clinical benefit to patients with SM and made it relatively easy to manage the condition.

NEDD4-Mediated GSNOR Degradation Aggravates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Dysfunction.

Background: The decrease in S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) leads to an elevation of S-nitrosylation, thereby exacerbating the progression of cardiomyopathy in response to hemodynamic stress. However, the mechanisms under GSNOR decrease remain unclear. Here, we identify NEDD4 (neuronal precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4) as a novel molecule that plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, by modulating GSNOR levels, thereby demonstrating significant therapeutic potential.

Intestinal rearrangement of biliopancreatic limbs, alimentary limbs, and common limbs in obese type 2 diabetic mice after duodenal jejunal bypass surgery.

Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), yet the precise mechanisms underlying its effectiveness remain incompletely understood. While previous research has emphasized the role of rearrangement of the gastrointestinal anatomy, gaps persist regarding the specific impact on the gut microbiota and barriers within the biliopancreatic, alimentary, and common limbs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery on obese T2DM mice.

Altered Atlas of Exercise-Responsive MicroRNAs Revealing miR-29a-3p Attacks Armored and Cold Tumors and Boosts Anti-B7-H3 Therapy.

Increasing evidence has shown that physical exercise remarkably inhibits oncogenesis and progression of numerous cancers and exercise-responsive microRNAs (miRNAs) exert a marked role in exercise-mediated tumor suppression. In this research, expression and prognostic values of exercise-responsive miRNAs were examined in breast cancer (BRCA) and further pan-cancer types. In addition, multiple independent public and in-house cohorts, in vitro assays involving multiple, macrophages, fibroblasts, and tumor cells, and in vivo models were utilized to uncover the tumor-suppressive roles of miR-29a-3p in cancers.

Global burden, trends, and disparities in kidney cancer attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021.

Purpose: Smoking is a well-established risk factor for kidney cancer. Analyzing the latest global spatio-temporal trends in the kidney cancer burden attributable to smoking is critical for informing effective public health policies.

Methods: Using data from the 2021 GBD database, we examined deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized rate (ASR) of kidney cancer attributable to smoking across global, regional, and national levels.

Comparison of the accuracy of procalcitonin, neutrophil CD64, and C-reactive protein for the diagnosis and prognosis of septic patients after antibiotic therapy.

Background: The performance of the inflammatory biomarkers in the management of septic patients who received antimicrobial therapies is largely neglected. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of procalcitonin (PCT), neutrophil CD64 (CD64), and C-reactive protein (CRP) for the diagnosis and prognosis of septic patients after antimicrobial therapy.

Methods: This study prospectively recruited consecutive patients without infection and those diagnosed with infection but had received initial antimicrobial therapies.

The nuclear factor-κ B inhibitor SN50 enhances the efficacy of B-cell maturation antigen-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy.

Not available.

[Short-term efficacy of rituximab in children with calcineurin inhibitor resistant steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome].

To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX) in children with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) resistant steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). A retrospective case analysis was conducted. Thirteen children with CNI resistant SRNS who were regularly treated with RTX (375 mg/m per dose (maximum dose 500 mg), 1 dose per week, a total of 4 doses) in Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University from January 2016 to December 2023 were enrolled.

Mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen therapy downregulating H-type angiogenesis in subchondral bone of knee osteoarthritis through the PHD2/HIF-1α pathway.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in inhibiting subchondral bone angiogenesis and delaying the progression of osteoarthritis through the PHD2/HIF-1α signaling pathway.

Methods: Mice were randomly divided into three groups (control group, osteoarthritis group, and hyperbaric oxygen treatment group). The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on osteoarthritis was evaluated using Micro-CT, Safranin O-Fast Green staining, and detection of osteoarthritis inflammation markers (MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, Col2a1, and Aggrecan).

Exosome-loading miR-205: a two-pronged approach to ocular neovascularization therapy.

Pathological neovascularization is a hallmark of many vision-threatening diseases. However, some patients exhibit poor responses to current anti-VEGF therapies due to resistance and limited efficacy. Recent studies have highlighted the roles of noncoding RNAs in various biological processes, paving the way for RNA-based therapeutics.

A new approach for hemodynamics of varicoceles: blood flow patterns based on contrast-enhanced ultrasound.

Background: Hemodynamic alterations in the spermatic vein are implicated in infertility among patients with varicocele (VC). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), a powerful tool for hemodynamic analysis, remains unexplored for VC. This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of using CEUS to evaluate spermatic vein hemodynamics in patients with VC and establish a clear correlation between specific hemodynamic patterns and impaired semen parameters.

First-line cadonilimab plus chemotherapy in HER2-negative advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors plus chemotherapy have been the standard of care in the first-line treatment of advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma; however, the survival benefits are modest in patients with low programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Here we investigated the efficacy and safety of cadonilimab (PD-1/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) bispecific antibody) plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. The prespecified interim analysis is reported here.

Immune evasion through mitochondrial transfer in the tumour microenvironment.

Cancer cells in the tumour microenvironment use various mechanisms to evade the immune system, particularly T cell attack. For example, metabolic reprogramming in the tumour microenvironment and mitochondrial dysfunction in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) impair antitumour immune responses. However, detailed mechanisms of such processes remain unclear.

Effect of propofol and ciprofol in patients undergoing bronchoscopy: protocol for a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Propofol is a fast-acting intravenous anaesthetic widely used for sedation and anaesthesia in gastrointestinal endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and the induction/maintenance of general anaesthesia in outpatients and inpatients; however, propofol has several undesirable effects, including injection pain, which affects the physical and mental health of patients, and cardiopulmonary depression, characterised by hypotension, bradycardia and apnea, which commonly occur in clinical practice. Ciprofol (HSK3486) is a propofol analogue with good clinical safety, high potency and some advantages over propofol, including lower injection pain and haemodynamic depression in patients undergoing gastroscopy and colonoscopy. This study aims to compare the impact of equivalent effective doses of propofol and ciprofol on haemodynamic changes in patients undergoing bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia.

Longitudinal Changes of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer in Highly Myopic Glaucoma: A 3-year Cohort Study.

Purpose: To describe the longitudinal changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGC-IPL) thicknesses in highly myopic eyes with and without glaucoma, and to investigate the effects of high myopia (HM) on the sectoral patterns of pRNFL and mGC-IPL thinning.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Participants: A total of 243 eyes from 243 individuals with 3-year follow-up were included in this study: 109 eyes in the HM group, 64 eyes in the open-angle glaucoma (OAG) group and 70 eyes in the highly myopic glaucoma (HMG) group.

LCAT Deficiency Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Lenvatinib Resistance by Promoting Triglyceride Catabolism and Fatty Acid Oxidation.

Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), a crucial enzyme in lipid metabolism, plays important yet poorly understood roles in tumours, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, our investigation revealed that LCAT is a key downregulated metabolic gene and an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Functional experiments showed that LCAT inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion.

Altered asymmetry of amygdala volume mediates food addiction and weight gain.

Background: Food addiction and an impulsive personality can increase overeating, which can lead to weight gain. The amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) are critical for regulating obesogenic behaviour. However, whether the amygdala or the NAcc acts as the neural basis for the regulation of food addiction, impulsive personality, and body weight remains unclear.

Targeting MAPK14 by Lobeline Upregulates Slurp1-Mediated Inhibition of Alternative Activation of TAM and Retards Colorectal Cancer Growth.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) usually creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby hindering immunotherapy response. Effective treatment options remain elusive. Using scRNA-seq analysis in a tumor-bearing murine model, it is found that lobeline, an alkaloid from the herbal medicine lobelia, promotes polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward M1-like TAMs while inhibiting their polarization toward M2-like TAMs.

Aprocitentan for Blood Pressure Reduction in Black Patients.

Background: Black individuals frequently present with resistant hypertension and disproportionately increased cardiovascular risk. We investigated the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect of the dual endothelin receptor antagonist aprocitentan in Black individuals enrolled in the PRECISION study (Parallel-Group, Phase 3 Study with Aprocitentan in Subjects with Resistant Hypertension).

Methods: Patients with confirmed resistant hypertension were randomized to aprocitentan 12.