Thyroid Hormone Signaling Is Required for Dynamic Variation in Opsins in the Retina during Metamorphosis of the Japanese Flounder ().

In the present study, we investigated the function of thyroid hormones (TH) in visual remodeling during Japanese flounder () metamorphosis through cellular molecular biology experiments. Our results showed that the expression of the five opsin genes of the flounder were highest in eye tissue and varied with the metamorphosis process. The expression of 1, 2 and was positively regulated by exogenous TH, but inhibited by thiourea (TU) compared to the control group.

Kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus growth and Enterotoxin A production in milk under shaking and static conditions.

Numerous studies on bacterial growth or survival predictive models have been conducted since the establishment of predictive microbiology. However, limited research focused on the prediction of bacteria-producing enterotoxins, which are often the causative agents of food-borne diseases. This study aimed to determine an appropriate kinetic model of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) production in milk after contamination with Staphylococcus aureus.

Modeling for Predicting the Time to Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A in Cooked Chicken Product.

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) produced by () are the cause of Saphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) outbreaks. Thus, estimation of the time to detection (TTD) of SEs, that is, the time required to reach the SEs detection limit, is essential for food preservation and quantitative risk assessment. This study was conducted to explore an appropriate method to predict the TTD of SEs in cooked chicken product under variable environmental conditions.