The 2023 report of the synergetic roadmap on carbon neutrality and clean air for China: Carbon reduction, pollution mitigation, greening, and growth.

The response to climate change and air pollution control demonstrates strong synergy across scientific mechanisms, targets, strategies, and governance systems. This report, based on a monitoring indicator system for coordinated governance of air pollution and climate change, employs an interdisciplinary approach combining natural and social sciences. It establishes 20 indicators across five key areas: air pollution and climate change, governance systems and practices, structural transformation and technologies, atmospheric components and emission reduction pathways, and health impacts and co-benefits.

Unraveling Reactive Nitrogen Emissions in Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles across Evolving Standards and Cheating Tactics.

Reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions significantly affect air quality and the nitrogen cycle in ecosystems. Heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs), as major sources of these emissions, exhibit complex emission characteristics because of the combined effects of different driving conditions and aftertreatment technologies. This study first investigated the emission factors (EFs) of Nr species, including NO, NO, HONO, NO, and NH, from HDDVs under different emission standards (China IV/V/VI) and cheating strategies, with a particular focus on the impact of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems.

Variations of chloride depletion and its impacts on ozone formation: Case study of a coastal area in Shanghai.

Chlorine plays a critical role in atmospheric chemistry. Marine chloride depletion, as a significant source of atmospheric chlorine, impacts coastal acid deposition, atmospheric oxidizing capacity, and global climate. Based on continuous monitoring data of PM water soluble ions, criteria pollutants, and meteorological data at Chongming Dongtan supersite from 2019 to 2022, variations in chloride depletion and related impact factors were analyzed.

Evaluating long-term reductions in trace metal emissions from shipping in Shanghai.

Shipping emissions are a major contributor to air pollution in coastal cities, and Shanghai Port, the busiest port in the world, handles over 40 million TEU annually. To mitigate shipping emissions, China introduced the Domestic Emission Control Area (DECA) policy in phases: DECA 1.0 in 2016 and DECA 2.

[Predictive Model for O in Shanghai Based on the KZ Filtering Technique and LSTM].

In this study, a Kolmogorov-Zurbenko （KZ） filter was proposed to decompose the original ozone （O） sequence to improve the accuracy of ozone long-term series prediction and select relevant meteorological features. Furthermore, the enhanced maximal minimal redundancy （mRMR） feature selection technique was combined with the support vector regression （SVR） approach to select the most illuminating meteorological features. Subsequently, from May to August 2023, during high ozone concentration periods, a long short-term memory network （LSTM） was utilized to assess and predict high ozone concentration periods at the monitoring stations of Jingan （urban area）, Pudong-Chuansha （suburban area）, and Dianshan Lake （suburban area） in Shanghai.

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Complex Emission Dynamics in Port Areas Using High-Density Air Sensor Network.

Cargo terminals, as pivotal hubs of mechanical activities, maritime shipping, and land transportation, are significant sources of air pollutants, exhibiting considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity due to the complex and irregular nature of emissions. This study employed a high-density air sensor network with 17 sites across four functional zones in two Shanghai cargo terminals to monitor NO and NO concentrations with high spatiotemporal resolution post sensor data validation against regulatory monitoring stations. Notably, NO and NO concentrations within the terminal surged during the night, peaking at 06:00 h, likely due to local regulations on heavy-duty diesel trucks.

Identification of atmospheric emerging contaminants from industrial emissions: A case study of halogenated hydrocarbons emitted by the pharmaceutical industry.

With the development of the pharmaceutical industry, halogenated hydrocarbons, which are the main raw materials and emissions of the pharmaceutical industry, may be defined as atmospheric emerging contaminants due to toxicity and low oxidation of the atmosphere. This study analyzed the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions from four pharmaceutical companies located in the Yangtze River Delta. Samples were taken three times at each of the selected fixed and fugitive sampling sites in each company.

[Characteristics and Influence of Atmospheric VOCs in Ozone Formation Potential in Suburb of Shanghai During Summer].

To help promote ozone pollution control and understand the influence of atmospheric volatile organic compounds （VOCs） on O during the summer ozone pollution season, the analyses of variation characteristics and ozone formation potentials of VOCs during O pollution episodes were carried out based on the online monitoring data of VOCs and O, as well as the meteorological parameters in the suburban site of Shanghai. The impact of key meteorological factors and regional transport on O and VOCs was investigated. The results showed that the mean value of atmospheric （VOCs） during summer in the suburban area of Shanghai was （20.

Hourly effect of atmospheric reactive nitrogen species on the onset of acute ischemic stroke: Insight from the Shanghai Stroke Service System Database.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is one of the most predominant causes of mortality and disability in China. Significant uncertainties in stroke diagnosis and time of onset have resulted in inconsistent evidence on the association between ambient air pollution and the risk of AIS. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of air pollution on AIS onset based on high time-resolution air pollution data and a stroke-specific registry across the past five years.

Impact and pathway of halogens on atmospheric oxidants in coastal city clusters in the Yangtze River Delta region in China.

Halogens (chlorine, bromine, and iodine) are known to profoundly influence atmospheric oxidants (hydroxyl radical (OH), hydroperoxyl radical (HO), ozone (O), and nitrate radical (NO)) in the troposphere and subsequently affecting air quality. However, their impact on atmospheric oxidation and air pollution in coastal areas in China is poorly characterized. In this study, we use the WRF-CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting-Community Multiscale Air Quality) model with full halogen chemistry and process analysis to assess the influences and pathways of halogens on atmospheric oxidants in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, a typical coastal city cluster in China.

Indoor air quality in subway microenvironments: Pollutant characteristics, adverse health impacts, and population inequity.

Rapidly increasing urbanization in recent decades has elevated the subway as the primary public transportation mode in metropolitan areas. Indoor air quality (IAQ) inside subways is an important factor that influences the health of commuters and subway workers. This review discusses the subway IAQ in different cities worldwide by comparing the sources and abundance of particulate matter (PM and PM) in these environments.

PM exposure induces bronchial hyperresponsiveness by upreguating acetylcholine muscarinic 3 receptor.

Exposure to particulate matter (PM) can induce respiratory diseases that are closely related to bronchial hyperresponsiveness. However, the involved mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of PM on the acetylcholine muscarinic 3 receptor (CHRM3) expression and the role of the ERK1/2 pathway in rat bronchial smooth muscle.

High-level HONO exacerbates double high pollution of O and PM in China.

Double high pollution (DHP) of ozone (O) and fine particulate matter (PM) has frequently been observed in China in recent years. Numerous studies have speculated that DHP might be related to nitrous acid (HONO), but the chemical mechanism involved remains unclear. Field observation results of DHP in Shanghai indicate that the high concentration of HONO produced by nitrogen dioxide (NO) heterogeneous reactions under conditions of high temperature and high humidity promotes an increase in PM and O concentrations.

Anthropogenic-driven changes in concentrations and sources of winter volatile organic compounds in an urban environment in the Yangtze River Delta of China between 2013 and 2021.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) serve as crucial precursors to surface ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). In response to severe air pollution challenges, China has implemented key air quality control policies from 2013 to 2021. Despite these efforts, a comprehensive understanding of the chemical composition and sources of urban atmospheric VOCs and their responses to emission reduction measures remains limited.

Regulatory Insights for On-Board Monitoring of Vehicular NOx Emission Compliance.

Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) have adverse effects on human health and the environment. On-board monitoring (OBM), which can continuously collect vehicle performance and NOx emissions throughout the operation lifespan, is recognized as the core technology for future vehicle in-use compliance, but its large-scale application has not been reported. Here, we utilized OBM data from 22,520 HDDVs in China to evaluate their real-world NOx emissions.

Comprehensive assessment of copper's effect on marine organisms under ocean acidification and warming in the 21st century.

Copper (Cu) has sparked widespread global concern as one of the most hazardous metals to aquatic animals. Ocean acidification (OA) and warming (OW) are expected to alter copper's bioavailability based on pH and temperature-sensitive effects; research on their effects on copper on marine organisms is still in its infancy. Therefore, under representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.

[Characteristics of Ozone Concentration in Shanghai and Its Associated Atmospheric Circulation Background During Summer Half-years from 2006 to 2021].

It is of great importance to scientifically evaluate the impact of weather and climate conditions on the occurrence of O pollution in order to improve the accuracy of O pollution forecasts， as well as to reasonably control and reduce the adverse effects of O pollution. The characteristics of O concentration and climate background were analyzed based on daily O concentration data， meteorological factors， and NCEP/NCER reanalysis data from 2006 to 2021 in Shanghai. In addition， the differences in atmospheric circulation situations during years with anomalous O concentrations were compared and diagnosed from the perspective of climatology.

Constructing a 3D BiWO/ZnInS direct Z-scheme heterostructure for improved photocatalytic CO reduction performance.

Developing efficient heterojunction photocatalysts with enhanced charge transfer and reduced recombination rates of photogenerated carriers is crucial for harnessing solar energy in the photocatalytic CO reduction into renewable fuels. This study employed electrostatic self-assembly techniques to construct a 3D BiWO/ZnInS direct Z-scheme heterojunctions. The unique 3D structure provided abundant active sites and facilitated CO adsorption.

Life-Course Health Risk Assessment of PM Elements in China: Exposure Disparities by Species, Source, Age, Gender, and Location.

Key stages in people's lives have particular relevance for their health; the life-course approach stresses the importance of these stages. Here, we applied a life-course approach to analyze the health risks associated with PM-bound elements, which were measured at three sites with varying environmental conditions in eastern China. Road traffic was found to be the primary source of PM-bound elements at all three locations, but coal combustion was identified as the most important factor to induce both cancer risk (CR) and noncancer risk (NCR) across all age groups due to the higher toxicity of elements such as As and Pb associated with coal.

Characterization of organic vapors by a Vocus proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry at a mountain site in southeastern China.

Biogenic and anthropogenic organic vapors are crucial precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere. Here we conducted real-time measurements of gaseous organic compounds using a Vocus proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (Vocus PTR-MS) at the Shanghuang mountain site (1128 m a.s.