Age-related variations in heart rate variability profiles among patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.

Patients with psychiatric disorders exhibit general autonomic dysregulation and elevated cardiovascular risks, which could be indexed by heart rate variability (HRV). However, HRV is susceptible to age and other patient-specific factors. This study aimed to investigate the HRV profile and age-related variations, as well as the potential influence of sex, BMI, and HR on HRV in psychiatric populations.

Cognitive impairment in adolescent and adult-onset psychosis: a comparative study.

Background: Cognitive impairment presents in both adolescent-onset(ado-OP) and adult-onset psychosis(adu-OP). Age and neurodevelopmental factors likely contribute to cognitive differences. This study aimed to characterize cognitive functions in ado-OP compared to adu-OP in a clinical population with drug-naive first-episode psychosis(FEP).

Attenuated frontotemporal brain activation during cognitive tasks is associated with lower succinate dehydrogenase protein levels in patients with major depressive disorder.

Background: Previous studies have shown a lower hemodynamic response in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) during cognitive tasks. However, the mechanism underlying impaired hemodynamic and neural responses to cognitive tasks in MDD patients remains unclear. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is a key biomarker of mitochondrial energy generation, and it can affect the hemodynamic response via the neurovascular coupling effect.

Timeframe for Conversion to Psychosis From Individuals at Clinical High-Risk: A Quantile Regression.

Background And Hypothesis: The time taken for an individual who is at the clinical high-risk (CHR) stage to transition to full-blown psychosis may vary from months to years. This temporal aspect, known as the timeframe for conversion to psychosis (TCP), is a crucial but relatively underexplored dimension of psychosis development.

Study Design: The sample consisted of 145 individuals with CHR who completed a 5-year follow-up with a confirmed transition to psychosis within this period.

Distribution of self-reported borderline personality disorder traits symptoms in a large-scale clinical population.

Introduction: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) traits play a crucial role in the prognosis of psychiatric disorders, as well as in assessing risks associated with negativity and impulsivity. However, there is a lack of data regarding the distribution characteristics of BPD traits and symptoms within clinical populations.

Methods: A total of 3015 participants (1321 males, 1694 females) were consecutively sampled from outpatients at the psychiatric and psycho-counseling clinics at the Shanghai Mental Health Center.

Abnormal Scanning Patterns Based on Eye Movement Entropy in Early Psychosis.

Background: Restricted scan path mode is hypothesized to explain abnormal scanning patterns in patients with schizophrenia. Here, we calculated entropy scores (drawing on gaze data to measure the statistical randomness of eye movements) to quantify how strategical and random participants were when processing image stimuli.

Methods: Eighty-six patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES), 124 individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, and 115 healthy control participants (HCs) completed an eye-tracking examination while freely viewing 35 static images (each presented for 10 seconds) and cognitive assessments.

Comprehensive review of multidimensional biomarkers in the ShangHai At Risk for Psychosis (SHARP) program for early psychosis identification.

Psychosis is recognized as one of the largest contributors to nonfatal health loss, and early identification can largely improve routine clinical activity by predicting the psychotic course and guiding treatment. Clinicians have used the clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) paradigm to better understand the risk factors that contribute to the onset of psychotic disorders. Clinical factors have been widely applied to calculate the individualized risks for conversion to psychosis 1-2 years later.

Cognitive Impairments in Drug-Naive Patients With First-Episode Negative Symptom-Dominant Psychosis.

Importance: Available antipsychotic medications are predominantly used to treat positive symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions, in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). However, treating negative and cognitive symptoms, which are closely related to functional outcomes, remains a challenge.

Objective: To explore the cognitive characteristics of patients with negative symptom-dominant (NSD) psychosis.

Sex Differences in Personality Disorder and Childhood Maltreatment of Patients with Schizophrenia.

Introduction: Despite numerous studies investigating personality disorder (PD) and childhood maltreatment (CM) characteristics in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ), there remains a scarcity of research focusing on sex differences in PD and CM within large samples of SZ patients.

Methods: A total of 592 participants (257 males, 335 females) were consecutively sampled from patients diagnosed with SZ at the psychiatric and psycho-counseling clinics at Shanghai Mental Health Center. PDs were assessed using a self-reported personality diagnostic questionnaire and a structured clinical interview, while CMs were evaluated using the Chinese version of the Child Trauma Questionnaire Short Form.

Advancements and Future Directions in Prevention Based on Evaluation for Individuals With Clinical High Risk of Psychosis: Insights From the SHARP Study.

Background And Hypothesis: This review examines the evolution and future prospects of prevention based on evaluation (PBE) for individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis, drawing insights from the SHARP (Shanghai At Risk for Psychosis) study. It aims to assess the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in preventing psychosis onset among CHR individuals.

Study Design: The review provides an overview of the developmental history of the SHARP study and its contributions to understanding the needs of CHR individuals.

Cognitive functions following initiation of antipsychotic medication in adolescents and adults at clinical high risk for psychosis: a naturalistic sub group analysis using the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery.

Background: The effects of antipsychotic (AP) medications on cognitive functions in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) of psychosis are poorly understood. This study compared the effects of AP treatment on cognitive improvement in CHR adolescents and adults.

Methods: A total of 327 CHR participants, with an age range of 13 to 45 years, who underwent baseline neuropsychological assessments and a 1-year clinical follow-up were included.

Association between serum cytokines and timeframe for conversion from clinical high-risk to psychosis.

Aim: Although many studies have explored the link between inflammatory markers and psychosis, there is a paucity of research investigating the temporal progression in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) who eventually develop full psychosis. To address this gap, we investigated the correlation between serum cytokine levels and Timeframe for Conversion to Psychosis (TCP) in individuals with CHR.

Methods: We enrolled 53 individuals with CHR who completed a 5-year follow-up with a confirmed conversion to psychosis.

Childhood maltreatment and personality disorders in adolescents and adults with psychotic or non-psychotic disorders.

Introduction: While the attention to personality disorders (PD) and childhood maltreatment (CM) has grown in recent years, there remains limited understanding of the prevalence and distinctions of PD and CM in clinical populations of Chinese adolescents in comparison to adults.

Methods: A total of 1,417 participants were consecutively sampled from patients diagnosed with either psychotic or non-psychotic disorders in the psychiatric and psycho-counseling clinics at Shanghai Mental Health Center. The participants were categorized into two groups based on their age: adolescents (aged 15-21 years) and adults (aged 22-35 years).

Correlative relationship between body mass index and heart rate variability in psychiatric disorders.

Indicators of heart rate variability (HRV) have been used to assess the autonomic activity. However, the influence of obesity on HRV in these patients remains to be determined. This study aimed to examine how obesity (measured with the body mass index [BMI]) affects HRV and determine whether the effect varies among different psychiatric disorders.

Models of mild cognitive deficits in risk assessment in early psychosis.

Background: Mild cognitive deficits (MCD) emerge before the first episode of psychosis (FEP) and persist in the clinical high-risk (CHR) stage. This study aims to refine risk prediction by developing MCD models optimized for specific early psychosis stages and target populations.

Methods: A comprehensive neuropsychological battery assessed 1059 individuals with FEP, 794 CHR, and 774 matched healthy controls (HCs).

Duration of Untreated Prodromal Psychosis and Cognitive Impairments.

Importance: The possible association between the duration of untreated prodromal symptoms (DUPrS) and cognitive functioning in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis remains underexplored.

Objective: To investigate the intricate interplay between DUPrS, cognitive performance, and conversion outcomes, shedding light on the potential role of DUPrS in shaping cognitive trajectories and psychosis risk in individuals at CHR for psychosis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study of individuals at CHR for psychosis was conducted at the Shanghai Mental Health Center in China from January 10, 2016, to December 29, 2021.

Eye Movement Characteristics for Predicting a Transition to Psychosis: Longitudinal Changes and Implications.

Background And Hypothesis: Substantive inquiry into the predictive power of eye movement (EM) features for clinical high-risk (CHR) conversion and their longitudinal trajectories is currently sparse. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of machine learning predictive models relying on EM indices and examine the longitudinal alterations of these indices across the temporal continuum.

Study Design: EM assessments (fixation stability, free-viewing, and smooth pursuit tasks) were performed on 140 CHR and 98 healthy control participants at baseline, followed by a 1-year longitudinal observational study.

Duration of untreated prodromal psychosis among individuals with clinical high risk for psychosis.

The impact of the duration of untreated psychosis on the outcomes of schizophrenia has been extensively studied. However, there is a notable gap in the current understanding of the relationship between the duration of untreated prodromal symptoms (DUPrS) and the development of psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR). A sample of 704 individuals with CHR was identified through a structured interview, of who 145 (20.

Psychiatric emergency department visits during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.

Background: Previous research has demonstrated the negative impact of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on mental health.

Aims: To examine changes in the Chinese psychiatric emergency department (PED) visits for mental health crises that occurred during the pandemic.

Methods: Before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, PED visit counts from the largest psychiatric hospital in China between 2018 and 2020 were investigated.

Cardiovascular variations in patients with major depressive disorder versus bipolar disorder.

Background: Differentiating depression in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is challenging in clinical practice. Therefore, reliable biomarkers are urgently needed to differentiate between these diseases. This study's main objective was to assess whether cardiac autonomic function can distinguish patients with unipolar depression (UD), bipolar depression (BD), and bipolar mania (BM).

Heart rate variability in patients with psychiatric disorders from adolescence to adulthood.

Objective: Age is associated with changes in autonomic nervous system activity. These changes are assessed using heart rate variability(HRV) indicators; however, the effect of age on HRV in patients with psychiatric disorders remains unclear. Our study aimed to explore this effect and determine its variance across different lifespans.