Comparison of Nutritional Flavor Substances in Meat Between Shanghai Local Pig Breeds and Commercial DLY Breed.

Chinese local pig breeds have unique meat flavor. In this study, we investigated the meat quality traits and the characteristics of the nutritional flavor substances such as amino acids (AAs), fatty acids (FAs), thiamine (Vitamin B1, VB1), and inosine monophosphate (IMP) in four Shanghai local pig breeds (MMS, SW, PD, and SHW) and the commercial crossbred Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) breed. The results showed that the intramuscular fat (IMF) and protein content in the longissimus dorsi muscle (L) of Shanghai local breeds, especially Shanghai MMS and PD breeds, were significantly higher than those of the DLY breed (-value < 0.

Identification of key genes and variants associated with boar sperm freezability using whole genome resequencing.

Cryopreservation induces various cryodamages to the structural or functional aspects of boar sperm, resulting in the deterioration of sperm quality. The extent of cryodamages varies significantly among different individual boars. In our study, 50 boars with either good sperm freezability (GSF) or poor sperm freezability (PSF) were selected from a population of 402 boars.

Flavor characterization of pork cuts in Chalu black pigs using multi-omics analysis.

The study investigated the flavor variations in four different fresh pork cuts (longissimus thoracis, LT; trapezius muscle, TM; hamstring muscle, HM; Pork Belly, PB) from Chalu black pigs (ten castrated boars) using multi-omics techniques. The research also explored the influence of muscle fiber type on the flavor profiles of these cuts. Results from quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) indicated significant differences in muscle fiber type across the four pork cuts in various anatomical locations.

Comprehensive analysis of single-nucleotide variants and alternative polyadenylation between inbred and outbred pigs.

Inbreeding can lead to the accumulation of homozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genome, which can significantly affect gene expression and phenotype. In this study, we examined the impact of homozygous SNPs resulting from inbreeding on alternative polyadenylation (APA) site selection and the underlying genetic mechanisms using inbred Luchuan pigs. Genome resequencing revealed that inbreeding results in a high accumulation of homozygous SNPs within the pig genome.

Developing Next-Generation Live Attenuated Vaccines for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Using Reverse Genetic Techniques.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the etiology of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), a highly contagious digestive disease in pigs and especially in neonatal piglets, in which a mortality rate of up to 100% will be induced. Immunizing pregnant sows remains the most promising and effective strategy for protecting their neonatal offspring from PEDV. Although half a century has passed since its first report in Europe and several prophylactic vaccines (inactivated or live attenuated) have been developed, PED still poses a significant economic concern to the swine industry worldwide.

Evaluation of Dry Ice for Short-Term Storage and Transportation of Frozen Boar Semen.

To address the safety problems posed by the transportation of boar semen using LN, this study was conducted on the short-term storage of frozen boar semen in dry ice (-79 °C). Boar semen frozen in LN was transferred to dry ice, kept for 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, or 8 days, and then moved back to LN. The quality of frozen semen stored in LN or dry ice was determined to evaluate the feasibility of short-distance transportation with dry ice.

Detection and Analysis of Antidiarrheal Genes and Immune Factors in Various Shanghai Pig Breeds.

The aim of this study was to identify effective genetic markers for the Antigen Processing Associated Transporter 1 (), α (1,2) Fucosyltransferase 1 (), Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein 1 (), Mucin 4 () and Mucin 13 () diarrhea-resistance genes in the local pig breeds, namely Shanghai white pigs, Fengjing pigs, Shawutou pigs, Meishan pigs and Pudong white pigs, to provide a reference for the characterization of local pig breed resources in Shanghai. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLR) and sequence sequencing were applied to analyze the polymorphisms of the above genes and to explore the effects on the immunity of Shanghai local pig breeds in conjunction with some immunity factors. The results showed that both and genes had antidiarrheal genotype GG in the five pig breeds, AG and GG genotypes of the gene were detected in Pudong white pigs, AA antidiarrheal genes of the gene were detected in Meishan pigs, the AB type of the gene was detected in Pudong white pigs, and antidiarrheal genotype GG of the gene was only detected in Shanghai white pigs.

Extract and Cordycepin Alleviate Oxidative Stress, Modulate Gut Microbiota and Ameliorate Intestinal Damage in LPS-Induced Piglets.

Cordycepin is considered a major bioactive component in extract. This study was performed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of extract (CME) and cordycepin (CPN) supplementation on intestinal damage in LPS-challenged piglets. The results showed that CPN or CME supplementation significantly increased the villus height ( < 0.

Effect of Day Length on Growth and Gonadal Development in Meishan Male Pigs.

Day length is a critical environmental factor for regulating animal growth and development. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different day lengths on the developmental changes of growth parameters, testicular sizes, testosterone secretion in Meishan male pigs, and steroidogenesis proteins and melatonin receptors. Fourteen Meishan male pigs (10 weeks (wks) of age) with the same parity, paired in litter and body weight (BW), were evenly allocated into a short-day-length group (SDL, 10 light/14 dark) and long-day-length group (LDL, 14 light/10 dark).

Growth performance, lipid metabolism, and systemic immunity of weaned piglets were altered by buckwheat protein through the modulation of gut microbiota.

Tartary buckwheat protein (BWP) is well known for the wide-spectrum antibacterial activity and the lipid metabolism- regulating property; therefore, BWP can be applied as feed additives to improve the animal's nutritional supply. With the aim to investigate the bioactive actions of the BWP, growth performance, lipid metabolism and systemic immunity of the weaned piglets were measured, and the alterations of pig gut microbiota were also analyzed. According to the results, the growth performances of the weaned piglets which were calculated as the average daily gain (ADG) and the average daily feed intake (ADFI) were significantly increased when compared to the control group.

Fecal microbial composition associated with testosterone in the development of Meishan male pigs.

Introduction: The gut microbiota closely relates to host health, whereas the relationship between gut microbiota and testosterone during the development of Meishan male pigs remains unclear. This study investigated the fecal microbiota composition and testosterone level during development in Meishan male pigs.

Methods: Fresh fecal samples of 20 healthy Meishan male pigs were individually collected at 10 and 22 weeks (wk) of age for testosterone content detection and bacteria pyrosequencing analysis.

Effects of Chinese herbal feed additives on the sperm quality and reproductive capacity in breeding boars.

Currently, Chinese herbal feed additives (CHFA) are commonly utilized in domestic pig farms. However, their impact on the sperm quality and reproductive capacity of imported breeding boars has yet to be thoroughly explored. In this study, the effect of CHFA on the sperm quality and reproductive capacity of the imported Duroc boars was investigated.

A roadmap for developing Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) vaccines: Lessons from the past, strategies for the future.

Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), which can lead to severe central nervous system infections in both humans and animals. At present, the medical community does not possess a viable means of addressing VEE, rendering the prevention of the virus a matter of paramount importance. Regarding the prevention and control of VEEV, the implementation of a vaccination program has been recognized as the most efficient strategy.

Coronavirus accessory protein ORF3 biology and its contribution to viral behavior and pathogenesis.

Coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is classified in the genus , family that encodes the only accessory protein, ORF3 protein. However, how ORF3 contributes to viral pathogenicity, adaptability, and replication is obscure. In this review, we summarize current knowledge and identify gaps in many aspects of ORF3 protein in PEDV, with emphasis on its unique biological features, including membrane topology, Golgi retention mechanism, potential intrinsic disordered property, functional motifs, protein glycosylation, and codon usage phenotypes related to genetic evolution and gene expression.

Magnolol, a Neolignan-like Drug, Inhibits Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Replication in Cultured Cells.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a destructive pathogen that continues to adversely affect the swine industry worldwide due to a current lack of vaccines and drugs capable of effective disease control. In the present study, the neolignan-like drug, magnolol (MAG), was tested for its ability to inhibit a Vero-cell adapted PEDV strain DR13. Our data revealed that MAG exhibited anti-PEDV activity in vitro, with IC and CC values of 28.

Comparison of the Microbiome-Metabolome Response to Copper Sulfate and Copper Glycinate in Growing Pigs.

This study aims to compare the fecal microbiome-metabolome response to copper sulfate (CuSO) and copper glycinate (Cu-Gly) in pigs. Twelve Meishan gilts were allocated into the CuSO group and the Cu-Gly group (fed on a basal diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg copper from CuSO or Cu-Gly) paired in litter and body weight. After a two-week feeding trial, the Cu-Gly group had a higher copper digestibility, blood hemoglobin, and platelet volume and higher levels of plasma iron and insulin-like growth factor-1 than the CuSO group.

Three Amino Acid Substitutions in the Spike Protein Enable the Coronavirus Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus To Infect Vero Cells.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a continuously evolving pathogen, causes severe diarrhea in piglets, with high mortality rates. To prevent or mitigate the disease, it is common practice to develop live or inactivated PEDV vaccines based on cell-adapted viral variants. Propagating wild-type PEDV in cultured cells is, however, often challenging due to the lack of knowledge about the requirements for the cell adaptation of PEDV.

Deep decoding of codon usage strategies and host adaption preferences of soybean mosaic virus.

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) has threatened the global yield of Leguminosae crops, but the mechanism of its infection, spread, and evolution remains unknown. A systemic analysis of 107 SMV strains was performed to explore the genome-wide codon usage profile and the various factors influencing the codon usage patterns of SMV, which provides insight into its molecular evolution and elucidates its unknown host adaptation pattern. The overall nucleotide composition and correlation analysis revealed that the preferred synonymous codons mostly end with A/U.

Resveratrol Protects against Zearalenone-Induced Mitochondrial Defects during Porcine Oocyte Maturation via PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy.

Mitochondria hold redox homeostasis and energy metabolism as a crucial factor during oocyte maturation, while the exposure of estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone causes developmental incapacity in porcine oocyte. This study aimed to reveal a potential resistance of phytoalexin resveratrol against zearalenone during porcine oocyte maturation and whether its mechanism was related with PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Porcine oocytes were exposed to 20 μM zearalenone with or without 2 μM resveratrol during in vitro maturation.

When liquid-liquid phase separation meets viral infections.

Eukaryotic cells have both membranous and membraneless organelles. While the formation mechanism of membranous organelles is well understood, the formation mechanism of membraneless organelles remains unknown. Many biomolecules in the cytoplasm transition from the liquid phase to the agglutinated phase are known as liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS).

Antigenicity Alternations of Variant PEDV S Protein Disclosed by Linear B Cell Epitope Mapping.

The spike protein (S) plays a crucial role in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection and induces neutralizing antibodies. Mutations of the S protein are supposed to provide the main antigenic shift leading to the antigenic escape of PEDVs. It is therefore a significant question how much accumulation of antigenic shift could lead to the antigenic escape of the variant PEDV.

Bis-Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids Inhibit Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus In Vitro and In Vivo.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) belongs to the genus of the family that causes severe diarrhea and high mortality in neonatal suckling piglets. Currently, there is no effective medication against this pathogen. Cepharanthine (CEP), tetrandrine (TET), and fangchinoline (FAN) are natural bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids with anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral properties.

Melatonin mediates via melatonin receptor 1 in a temperature-dependent manner regulating ATP metabolism and antioxidative enzyme activity of boar spermatozoa in vitro.

Researches indicated that melatonin (MLT) could ameliorate oxidative damage and increase sperm motility for conservation sperms, whereas the underlying mechanism remains unknown. And elucidating this, present study was designed to investigate the energy metabolism of sperm throughout preservation at 17 °C and activating with 37 °C. Herein, semen of ten Landrace boars (16∼18 months of age) were diluted and treated with gradient concentrations of MLT (0 nM, 1 nM, 10 nM, 1 μM, 1 mM and 5 mM), and kept away from light in the incubator of 17 °C for 5 days (preservation), and the sperm motility was evaluated after 37 °C incubation for 10 min (activating).

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insight into Spatio-Temporal Expression Characteristics and Genetic Regulatory Network in Postnatal Developing Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat of Bama Pig.

The depot differences between Subcutaneous Fat (SAF) and Visceral Fat (VAF) are critical for human well-being and disease processes in regard to energy metabolism and endocrine function. Miniature pigs () are ideal biomedical models for human energy metabolism and obesity due to the similarity of their lipid metabolism with that of humans. However, the regulation of differences in fat deposition and development remains unclear.