The efficacy and safety of anlotinib plus PD-1 inhibitor in locally advanced/metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients who progressed on prior immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs): a retrospective real-world study (NCT 04984096).

Background: Several studies have shown that combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors is effective for solid tumors, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, most of these studies were focused on immunotherapy-naive patients. This retrospective real-world study offers insights into the efficacy and safety of combining anlotinib with ICIs in locally advanced/metastatic ESCC patients who progressed on prior ICI.

Association between fatty liver index and cardiometabolic multimorbidity: evidence from the cross-sectional national health and nutrition examination survey.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) contributes to the cardiometabolic diseases through multiple mechanisms. Fatty liver index (FLI) has been formulated as a non-invasive, convenient, and cost-effective approach to estimate the degree of MASLD. The current study aims to evaluate the correlation between FLI and the prevalent cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), and to assess the usefulness of FLI to improve the detection of the prevalent CMM in the general population.

DEPDC5 protects CD8 T cells from ferroptosis by limiting mTORC1-mediated purine catabolism.

Peripheral CD8 T cell number is tightly controlled but the precise molecular mechanism regulating this process is still not fully understood. In this study, we found that epilepsy patients with loss of function mutation of DEPDC5 had reduced peripheral CD8 T cells, and DEPDC5 expression positively correlated with tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells as well as overall cancer patient survival, indicating that DEPDC5 may control peripheral CD8 T cell homeostasis. Significantly, mice with T cell-specific Depdc5 deletion also had reduced peripheral CD8 T cells and impaired anti-tumor immunity.

2024 Statement from Asia expert operators on transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement.

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR), also known as percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation, refers to a minimally invasive technique that replaces the pulmonary valve by delivering an artificial pulmonary prosthesis through a catheter into the diseased pulmonary valve under the guidance of X-ray and/or echocardiogram while the heart is still beating not arrested. In recent years, TPVR has achieved remarkable progress in device development, evidence-based medicine proof and clinical experience. To update the knowledge of TPVR in a timely fashion, and according to the latest research and further facilitate the standardized and healthy development of TPVR in Asia, we have updated this consensus statement.

Usefulness of estimated pulse wave velocity for identifying prevalent coronary heart disease: findings from a general Chinese population.

Background: Aortic stiffness and coronary heart disease (CHD) share a similar spectrum of risk factors; previous studies have identified the association between aortic stiffness and CHD. Recent studies have demonstrated estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) as a simple and easy-acquired indicator of aortic stiffness. Our work aims to evaluate the association between ePWV and the prevalence of CHD and assess the value of ePWV for the identification of prevalent CHD.

Self-adaptive cardiac optogenetics device based on negative stretching-resistive strain sensor.

Precision medicine calls for high demand of continuous, closed-loop physiological monitoring and accurate control, especially for cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac optogenetics is promising for its superiority of cell selectivity and high time-space accuracy, but the efficacy of optogenetics relative to the input of light stimulus is detected and controlled separately by discrete instruments in vitro, which suffers from time retardation, energy consumption, and poor portability. Thus, a highly integrated system based on implantable sensors combining closed-loop self-monitoring with simultaneous treatment is highly desired.

[Independent risk factors of atrial thrombosis in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and low CHADS-VASc scores].

Objective: To explore the risk factors of atrial thrombosis in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation(NVAF)with low CHADS-VASc scores at admission (≤1 for male and ≤2 for female patients).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 10 382 patients with NVAF undergoing transesophageal echocardiography in our hospital from 2009 to 2019, and enrolled 48 NVAF patients with thrombosis as the observation group and another 240 NVAF patients without thrombosis as the control group.The baseline characteristics, biochemical indicators, and echocardiographic findings of the patients were analyzed using univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis and Pearson correlation analysis.

Impact of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio on the identification of prevalent coronary heart disease: insights from a general population.

Background: Recent studies have identified monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) as a simple, practical surrogate of atherosclerosis. Considering atherosclerosis is a major mechanism of coronary heart disease (CHD). The present study aims to evaluate the association between MHR and the prevalence of CHD.

Afatinib versus erlotinib as second-line treatment of patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: Final analysis of the randomised phase 3 LUX-Lung 8 trial.

Background: LUX-Lung 8 was a randomised, controlled, phase 3 study comparing afatinib and erlotinib as second-line treatment of patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung. We report the final overall survival (OS) and safety analyses of LUX-Lung 8 and investigate the characteristics of patients who achieved long-term benefit (≥12 months' treatment).

Methods: LUX-Lung 8 (NCT01523587) enroled patients between March 2012 and January 2014 in 183 cancer centres located in 23 countries worldwide and this final analysis had a data cut-off of March 2018.

Genetic variations in DNA repair gene NEIL1 associated with radiation pneumonitis risk in lung cancer patients.

Background: Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is a common side effect in lung cancer patients who received radiotherapy. Our previous study found genetic variations in DNA repair gene NEIL1 may be a predictor of RP in patients with esophageal cancer. So, we hypothesis genetic variations in NEIL1 gene could affect the risk of RP in lung cancer patients following radiotherapy.

Drug-Coated Balloon Treatment for ACS Induced by Myocardial Bridging: An Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided PCI.

This report describes a case of a 35-year-old man who presented with acute coronary syndrome. An angiogram and intravascular ultrasound revealed atherosclerotic stenosis in the myocardial bridging segment of the mid-left anterior descending artery. The culprit lesion was treated using a drug-coated balloon, and no residual stenosis was observed, which was later confirmed by intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography at a 1-year coronary angiographic follow-up.

The significance of systematic lymph node dissection in surgery for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients aged ≤40 years.

Background: Surgery remains the best option for treating early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and lymph node dissection (LND) is an important step in this approach. However, the extent of LND in the general age population, especially in young patients, is controversial. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the correlation between systematic lymph node dissection (SLND) and prognosis in young (≤40 years) patients with stage IA NSCLC.

The mechanism of ABL1 upregulating the expression of PD-L1 and the therapeutic effect of PD-L1 and STAT3 inhibitors in lung adenocarcinoma.

The upregulation of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and continuous mutation of EGFR could induce chemoresistance in somatic cancers, however, the molecular mechanism of oncogene ABL1 in regulating the expression of PD-L1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) remains unclear. In addition, the therapeutic effect of STAT3 and PD-L1 inhibitors in LAD is not fully understood. The ABL1 lentiviruses were used to transfect LAD cell lines (H1975, PC-9) with different EGFR mutation subtypes.

Study on the ameliorating effect of miR-221-3p on the nerve cells injury induced by sevoflurane.

Purpose: Sevoflurane is a widely used anesthetics, however, it has been reported that sevoflurane has neurotoxic effects. Studies have shown that miR-221-3p can ameliorate neuron damage. This study was to investigate whether miR-221-3p could reduce the neurotoxic effect of sevoflurane on nerve cells.

Bioengineered carina reconstruction using In-Vivo Bioreactor technique in human: proof of concept study.

Backgrounds: Long-segment airway defect reconstruction, especially when carina is invaded, remains a challenge in clinical setting. Previous attempts at bioengineered carina reconstruction failed within 90 days due to delayed revascularization and recurrent infection.

Methods: To establish the feasibility of carina bioengineering use In-Vivo Bioreactor technique.

The MiR-17-92 Gene Cluster is a Blood-Based Marker for Cancer Detection in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most malignant cancers threatening human health. The miR-17-92 gene cluster is a highly conserved oncogene cluster encoding 6 miRNAs: miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-19b-1, miR-20a and miR-92a. This study explored whether these miRNAs can be used as diagnostic markers for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

The critical role of RasGRP4 in the growth of diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Background: This study aimed to confirm that blocking RasGRP4 can effectively slow down the growth of DLBCL both in vitro and in vivo and ascertain the role of RasGRP4 in the prognosis of DLBCL clinically.

Methods: RasGRP4 expression levels were examined in benign tissues and lymphomas. In order to verify somatic mutation in RasGRP4 gene, cDNA sequencing was performed in DLBCL patients.

First-line afatinib for advanced EGFRm+ NSCLC: Analysis of long-term responders in the LUX-Lung 3, 6, and 7 trials.

Objectives: In patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive (EGFRm+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), first-line afatinib significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response vs. platinum-doublet chemotherapy in the phase III LUX-Lung 3 and LUX-Lung 6 trials, and significantly improved PFS, time to treatment failure and objective response vs. gefitinib in the phase IIb LUX-Lung 7 trial.

Cryptotanshinone Suppresses Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via microRNA-146a-5p/EGFR Axis.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a cancer-driven gene, plays an important role in tumorigenesis of lung cancer. Cryptotanshinone (CT) is the main constituent of and has been found to affect tumor progression. However, the mechanism of CT on lung cancer is still not clear.

Characterization of drug responses of mini patient-derived xenografts in mice for predicting cancer patient clinical therapeutic response.

Background: Patient-derived organoids and xenografts (PDXs) have emerged as powerful models in functional diagnostics with high predictive power for anticancer drug response. However, limitations such as engraftment failure and time-consuming for establishing and expanding PDX models followed by testing drug efficacy, and inability to subject to systemic drug administration for ex vivo organoid culture hinder realistic and fast decision-making in selecting the right therapeutics in the clinic. The present study aimed to develop an advanced PDX model, namely MiniPDX, for rapidly testing drug efficacy to strengthen its value in personalized cancer treatment.

Association of ERBB Mutations With Clinical Outcomes of Afatinib- or Erlotinib-Treated Patients With Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Secondary Analysis of the LUX-Lung 8 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Treatment choice for lung squamous cell carcinoma could be aided by identifying predictive biomarkers.

Objective: To assess whether patient outcomes in the LUX-Lung 8 trial were associated with ERBB gene family member aberrations in tumor specimens.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Ad hoc secondary analysis of the LUX-Lung 8 trial conducted at 183 centers in 23 countries from March 30, 2012, to January 30, 2014.

Effect of hyperoside on the apoptosis of A549 human non‑small cell lung cancer cells and the underlying mechanism.

Hyperoside (HY) is a major pharmacologically active component from Prunella vulgaris L. and Hypericum perforatum. The present study aimed to determine the anticancer effect of HY and determine the underlying mechanisms involved.