Double step screening using endogenous marker improves relative gene targeting efficiency in Arabidopsis.

Gene targeting (GT) is a powerful tool for manipulating endogenous genomic sequences as intended. However, its efficiency is rather low, especially in seed plants. Numerous attempts have been made to improve the efficiency of GT via the CRISPR/Cas systems in plants, but these have not been sufficiently effective to be used routinely by everyone.

Ralstonia solanacearum Alters Root Developmental Programmes in Auxin-Dependent and -Independent Manners.

Microbial pathogens and other parasites can modify the development of their hosts, either as a target or a side effect of their virulence activities. The plant-pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, causal agent of the devastating bacterial wilt disease, is a soilborne microbe that invades host plants through their roots and later proliferates in xylem vessels. In this work, we studied the early stages of R.

Genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses reveal convergent evolution of oxime biosynthesis in Darwin's orchid.

Angraecum sesquipedale, also known as Darwin's orchid, possesses an exceptionally long nectar spur. Charles Darwin predicted the orchid to be pollinated by a hawkmoth with a correspondingly long proboscis, later identified as Xanthopan praedicta. In this plant-pollinator interaction, the A.

Reduced content of gamma-aminobutyric acid enhances resistance to bacterial wilt disease in tomato.

Bacteria within the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex cause devastating diseases in numerous crops, causing important losses in food production and industrial supply. Despite extensive efforts to enhance plant tolerance to disease caused by Ralstonia, efficient and sustainable approaches are still missing. Before, we found that Ralstonia promotes the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in plant cells; GABA can be used as a nutrient by Ralstonia to sustain the massive bacterial replication during plant colonization.

A simple, highly efficient -mediated moss transformation system with broad applications.

Unlabelled: Mosses, particularly desiccation-tolerant (DT) species, are important model organisms for studying genes involved in plant development and stress resistance. The lack of a simple and efficient stable moss transformation system has hindered progress in deciphering the genetic mechanisms underlying traits of interest in these organisms. Here, we present an -mediated transformation system for DT mosses that uses strain EHA105 harboring the binary vector pCAMBIA1301-GUS.

Aluminum resistance in plants: A critical review focusing on STOP1.

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a significant challenge for plant production on acid soils, which constitute approximately 30% of the world's ice-free land area. To combat Al toxicity, plants have evolved both external and internal detoxification mechanisms. The zinc finger transcription factor STOP1 play a critical and conserved role in Al resistance by inducing genes involved in these detoxification processes.

FERONIA adjusts CC1 phosphorylation to control microtubule array behavior in response to salt stress.

Cell wall remodeling is important for plants to adapt to environmental stress. Under salt stress, cortical microtubules undergo a depolymerization-reassembly process to promote the biosynthesis of stress-adaptive cellulose, but the regulatory mechanisms underlying this process are still largely unknown. In this study, we reveal that FERONIA (FER), a potential cell wall sensor, interacts with COMPANION OF CELLULOSE SYNTHASE1 (CC1) and its closest homolog, CC2, two proteins that are required for cortical microtubule reassembly under salt stress.

A plastidial lipoyl synthase LIP1p plays a crucial role in phosphate homeostasis in Arabidopsis.

Phosphate (Pi) homeostasis is important for plant growth and adaptation to the dynamic environment, which requires the precise regulation of phosphate transporter (PHT) trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. LIPOYL SYNTHASE 1p (LIP1p) is known as a key enzyme in plastids to catalyze lipoylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex for de novo fatty acid synthesis. It is unknown whether this process is involved in regulating Pi homeostasis.

Osmotic signaling releases PP2C-mediated inhibition of Arabidopsis SnRK2s via the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase BIK1.

Osmotic stress and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling are important for plant growth and abiotic stress resistance. Activation of osmotic and ABA signaling downstream of the PYL-type ABA receptors requires the release of SnRK2 protein kinases from the inhibition imposed by PP2Cs. PP2Cs are core negative regulators that constantly interact with and inhibit SnRK2s, but how osmotic signaling breaks the PP2C inhibition of SnRK2s remains unclear.

FERONIA controls ABA-mediated seed germination via the regulation of CARK1 kinase activity.

Seed germination is the initial step of the whole life cycle for an individual plant, and thus it needs to be tightly controlled to avoid plant growth under unfavorable conditions. Here, we report that FERONIA (FER), a receptor-like kinase, controls early seed germination under ABA conditions. FER interacts with and phosphorylates cytosolic ABA receptor kinase 1 (CARK1) protein, a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) that modulates ABA signaling.

Phosphorylation of the transcription factor SlBIML1 by SlBIN2 kinases delays flowering in tomato.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are well known for their important role in the regulation of plant growth and development. Plants with deficiency in BR signaling show delayed plant development and exhibit late flowering phenotypes. However, the precise mechanisms involved in this process require investigation.

Photosynthetic ROS and retrograde signaling pathways.

Sessile plants harness mitochondria and chloroplasts to sense and adapt to diverse environmental stimuli. These complex processes involve the generation of pivotal signaling molecules, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), phytohormones, volatiles, and diverse metabolites. Furthermore, the specific modulation of chloroplast proteins, through activation or deactivation, significantly enhances the plant's capacity to engage with its dynamic surroundings.

Functional and Structural Analysis Reveals Distinct Biological Roles of Plant Synaptotagmins in Response to Environmental Stress.

Endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact sites (ER-PM CSs) are evolutionarily conserved membrane domains found in all eukaryotes, where the ER closely interfaces with the PM. This short distance is achieved in plants through the action of tether proteins such as synaptotagmins (SYTs). Arabidopsis comprises five SYT members (SYT1-SYT5), but whether they possess overlapping or distinct biological functions remains elusive.

Activation of an atypical plant NLR with an N-terminal deletion initiates cell death at the vacuole.

Plants evolve nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) to induce immunity. Activated coiled-coil (CC) domain containing NLRs (CNLs) oligomerize and form apparent cation channels promoting calcium influx and cell death, with the alpha-1 helix of the individual CC domains penetrating the plasma membranes. Some CNLs are characterized by putative N-myristoylation and S-acylation sites in their CC domain, potentially mediating permanent membrane association.

FERONIA regulates salt tolerance in Arabidopsis by controlling photorespiratory flux.

Photorespiration is an energetically costly metabolic pathway in plants that responds to environmental stresses. The molecular basis of the regulation of the photorespiratory cycle under stress conditions remains unclear. Here, we discovered that FERONIA (FER) regulates photorespiratory flow under salt stress in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).

aChIP is an efficient and sensitive ChIP-seq technique for economically important plant organs.

Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) is crucial for profiling histone modifications and transcription factor binding throughout the genome. However, its application in economically important plant organs (EIPOs) such as seeds, fruits and flowers is challenging due to their sturdy cell walls and complex constituents. Here we present advanced ChIP (aChIP), an optimized method that efficiently isolates chromatin from plant tissues while simultaneously removing cell walls and cellular constituents.

Harnessing bacterial endophytes for environmental resilience and agricultural sustainability.

In the current era of environmental disasters and the necessity of sustainable development, bacterial endophytes have gotten attention for their role in improving agricultural productivity and ecological sustainability. This review explores the multifaceted contributions of bacterial endophytes to plant health and ecosystem sustainability. Bacterial endophytes are invaluable sources of bioactive compounds, promising breakthroughs in medicine and biotechnology.