Chemoproteomics reveals proteome-wide covalent and non-covalent targets of withaferin A.

Withaferin A (WA), a natural product used in traditional medicine, has recently garnered attention because of its diverse pharmacological effects. However, the direct targets responsible for these effects remain elusive. The discovery of targets is usually serendipitous and research has predominantly concentrated on covalent interactions, overlooking non-covalent targets.

Enabling Targeted Drug Delivery for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis with Mucosal-Adhesive Photoreactive Hydrogel.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. UC treatments are limited by significant adverse effects associated with non-specific drug delivery, such as systematic inhibition of the host immune system. Endoscopic delivery of a synthetic hydrogel material with biocompatible gelation that can efficiently cover irregular tissue surfaces provides an effective approach for targeted drug delivery at the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

The value of serum tumor-associated autoantibodies in screening and diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of serum autoantibodies in the screening and diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Materials & Methods: A total of 570 gastric cancer patients and 373 controls were enrolled in this study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to quantitatively detect autoantibodies in the tested serum, and statistic modeling was conducted to analyze their relationships with various clinical and pathological parameters.

Cell-type deconvolution for bulk RNA-seq data using single-cell reference: a comparative analysis and recommendation guideline.

The accurate estimation of cell type proportions in tissues is crucial for various downstream analyses. With the increasing availability of single-cell sequencing data, numerous deconvolution methods that use single-cell RNA sequencing data as a reference have been developed. However, a unified understanding of how these deconvolution approaches perform in practical applications is still lacking.

Identifying Core Self-reported Adverse Events Associated With Chemotherapy Among Patients With Breast Cancer: A Network Analysis.

Background: Women in treatment for breast cancer and undergoing chemotherapy often experience multiple chemotherapy-related adverse events simultaneously, making it essential for healthcare providers to pinpoint the core adverse event that can be targeted for more precise interventions.

Objective: To identify the core chemotherapy-related adverse events using network analysis in Chinese patients with breast cancer.

Methods: Data were collected from September 1, 2022, to November 30, 2022.

Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Analysis of RAC1 Decoding the Impact on Cancer Prognosis and B cell immune Regulation.

RAC1, a member of the Rho family GTPases, has been implicated in various cancers, yet its pan-cancer landscape and role in the tumor immune microenvironment remain underexplored. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of RAC1 across 33 cancer types, revealing its high expression in a broad range of cancers and its association with poor prognosis. RAC1 expression correlates with genomic alterations, including CNVs, TMB, and MSI.

Superoxide dismutase promotes gastric tumorigenesis mediated by and enhances resistance to 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer.

() infection is the most common risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). The effect of the antioxidase manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) in gastric tumorigenesis remains unclear. We explored the molecular mechanisms of links between , inflammation, and SOD2 in GC.

Radiomics in rectal cancer: current status of use and advances in research.

Rectal cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with malignant tumors in China. In light of the advances made in therapeutic approaches such as neoadjuvant therapy and total mesorectal excision, precise preoperative assessment has become crucial for developing a personalized treatment plan. As an emerging technology, radiomics has gained widespread application in the diagnosis, assessment of treatment response, and analysis of prognosis for rectal cancer by extracting high-throughput quantitative features from medical images.

Impact of a Quantitative Early Activity Program on Gastrointestinal Function Following Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the impact of a quantitative early activity program, integrated into the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol on gastrointestinal function in patients undergoing laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD).

Methods: Perioperative data from 203 patients who underwent LPD at the Department of Comprehensive Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, between January 2021 and December 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were categorized into 2 groups based on their nursing plans.

Cuproptosis-Inducing Functional Nanocomposites for Enhanced and Synergistic Cancer Radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy is crucial in local cancer management and needs advancements. Tumor cells elevate intracellular copper levels to promote growth and resist radiation; thus, targeted copper delivery to mitochondria could enhance radiotherapy by inducing cuproptosis in tumor cells. In this study, we engineered a multifunctional nanoliposome complex, termed Lipo-Ele@CuO, which encapsulates both copper peroxide (CuO) and the copper chelator elesclomol, which can delivery Cu ions to the mitochondria.

Impact of MRI risk assessment on the survival benefits of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with stage II-III rectal cancer: A retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: To investigate whether MRI risk factors can be used to predict clinical outcomes and whether MRI risk assessment can be used to select stage II-III rectal cancer patients who may benefit from neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT).

Methods And Materials: A total of 947 rectal cancer patients who underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) were retrospectively recruited. An MRI scoring system was established using the cumulative score of three risk factors (mesorectal fascia involvement, extramural venous invasion, and tumour deposits).

Efficacy and safety of surufatinib plus toripalimab in treatment-naive, PD-L1-positive, advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer and previously treated small-cell lung cancer: an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, multi-cohort phase II trial.

Background: Combining the programmed death-1 inhibitor toripalimab and the angio-immuno kinase inhibitor surufatinib showed preliminary antitumor activity in patients with advanced solid tumors in a phase I study. Here, we report the efficacy and safety of this combination regimen in treatment-naive advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with a programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) of 1% or greater (PD-L1-positive) and patients with previously treated small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Methods: This open-label, single-arm phase II study included patients with treatment-naive advanced or metastatic PD-L1-positive NSCLC or previously treated SCLC in China.

Hypofractionated partial breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery for patients with early stage breast cancer in China Mainland: a single-arm prospective trial.

To report the results of a single-arm, prospective partial breast irradiation (PBI) trial from China mainland using a dose of 40.05 Gy in 15 fractions delivered with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technique for patients with early stage breast cancer. Patients aged ≥ 50 years who underwent breast-conserving surgery for unifocal non-lobular invasive breast cancer, with pathological T1 disease, clear margins, negative axillary nodes, and positive hormonal receptors, were recruited.

Copy number amplification of FLAD1 promotes the progression of triple-negative breast cancer through lipid metabolism.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for frequent copy number alterations (CNAs) and metabolic reprogramming. However, the mechanism by which CNAs of metabolic genes drive distinct metabolic reprogramming and affect disease progression remains unclear. Through an integrated analysis of our TNBC multiomic dataset (n = 465) and subsequent experimental validation, we identify copy number amplification of the metabolic gene flavin-adenine dinucleotide synthetase 1 (FLAD1) as a crucial genetic event that drives TNBC progression.

Lactylation of HDAC1 Confers Resistance to Ferroptosis in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly resistant to ferroptosis, which hinders the application of anti-ferroptosis therapy. Through drug screening, it is found that histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) significantly sensitized CRC to ferroptosis. The combination of HDACi and ferroptosis inducers synergically suppresses CRC growth both in vivo and in vitro.

The Role of Dectin-1-Akt-RNF146 Pathway in β-Glucan Induced Immune Trained State of Monocyte in Sepsis.

Background: Sepsis is regarded as a dysregulated immune response to infections. Recent study showed partially reversal of immunosuppression by trained immunity, which fosters an enhanced immune response towards a secondary challenge. However, the role of trained immunity in sepsis has not been fully understood.

Comprehensive evaluation of genomic and functional assays for homologous recombination deficiency with high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer: Platinum sensitivity and prognosis.

Objective: Homologous recombination deficiency assays, guiding treatment of poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibitors, are increasingly applied in clinics. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of homologous recombination deficiency status at genomic and functional perspective on the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer.

Methods: Between 2016 and 2019, 134 patients with high-grade ovarian cancer were retrospectively analyzed.

The prevalence of PD-L1 expression in patients with advanced oesophageal cancer: the EXCEED observational study.

Aims: There are limited data on programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in oesophageal cancer (OC) from multicentre studies conducted across China. We aimed to determine the prevalence of high PD-L1 expression in patients with advanced OC.

Methods: The EXCEED study was a multicentre, retrospective analysis of data from six tertiary hospitals that evaluated PD-L1 expression in adults with advanced OC or advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Preclinical and First-In-Human Imaging of Novel [F]F-FAPI-FUSCC-07 Tracer: Comparative Prospective Study with [F]F-FAPI-42 and [F]F-FAPI-74.

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-specific tracer, fluorine-18-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-FUSCC-07 ([F]F-FAPI-FUSCC-07), for use in both preclinical and clinical settings. Preclinical evaluations were conducted to assess the stability and partition coefficient of [F]F-FAPI-FUSCC-07. Experiments involving human glioma U87MG cells demonstrated its cellular uptake and inhibitory properties.

Advances of research in diabetic cardiomyopathy: diagnosis and the emerging application of sequencing.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most prevalent and severe complications associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). The onset of DCM is insidious, with the symptoms being obvious only in the late stage. Consequently, the early diagnosis of DCM is a formidable challenge which significantly influences the treatment and prognosis of DCM.

GRP78: A new promising candidate in colorectal cancer pathogenesis and therapy.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health challenge, marked by varying incidence and mortality rates across different regions. The pathogenesis of CRC involves multiple stages, including initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis, influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors. The chaperone protein glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), crucial in regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR) during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, plays a pivotal role in CRC pathogenesis.