Inhibition of Necroptosis Rescues SAH-Induced Synaptic Impairments in Hippocampus via CREB-BDNF Pathway.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating form of stroke that leads to incurable outcomes. Increasing evidence has proved that early brain injury (EBI) contributes mostly to unfavorable outcomes after SAH. A previously unknown mechanism of regulated cell death known as necroptosis has recently been reported.

Melatonin Enhances Proliferation and Modulates Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells Via Autophagy in Hyperglycemia.

Dysfunction of neural stem cells (NSCs) has been linked to fetal neuropathy, one of the most devastating complications of gestational diabetes. Several studies have demonstrated that melatonin (Mel) exerted neuroprotective actions in various stresses. However, the role of autophagy and the involvement of Mel in NSCs in hyperglycemia (HG) have not yet been fully established.

O-GlcNAc Transferase Links Glucose Metabolism to MAVS-Mediated Antiviral Innate Immunity.

Increased glucose metabolism in immune cells not only serves as a hallmark feature of acute inflammation but also profoundly affects disease outcome following bacterial infection and tissue damage. However, the role of individual glucose metabolic pathways during viral infection remains largely unknown. Here we demonstrate an essential function of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP)-associated O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) signaling in promoting antiviral innate immunity.

Relationship between sleep disorders and lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in patients with lung cancer.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep disorders and lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in patients with lung cancer undergoing radiotherapy, and to establish a theoretical foundation for predicting sleep disorders and preventing interventions in radiotherapy in lung cancer patients. Ninety-two patients with lung cancer requiring radiotherapy were selected as the study subjects. The patients' demographic data and disease-related conditions were investigated.

The Association of Neuronal Stress with Activating Transcription Factor 3 in Dorsal Root Ganglion of in vivo and in vitro Models of Bortezomib- Induced Neuropathy.

Background: The notion that proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) induced intracellular oxidative stress resulting in peripheral neuropathy has been generally accepted. The association of mitochondrial dysfunction, cell apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with intracellular oxidative stress is ambiguous and still needs to be investigated. The activation of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress-hub gene which was upregulated in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons after different kinds of peripheral nerve injuries.

The effects of neuregulin-1β on intrafusal muscle fiber formation in neuromuscular coculture of dorsal root ganglion explants and skeletal muscle cells.

Background: The formation of intrafusal muscle (IM) fibers and their contact with afferent proprioceptive axons is critical for construction, function, and maintenance of the stretch reflex. Many factors affect the formation of IM fibers. Finding new factors and mechanisms of IM fiber formation is essential for the reconstruction of stretch reflex arc after injury.

Specific effects of neuregulin-1β on the communication between DRG neurons and skeletal muscle cells in vitro.

The communication between primary afferent neuron and skeletal muscle (SKM) is one of the important factors on maintaining the structure and function of SKM cells. Neuregulin-1β (NRG-1β) signaling is essential for regulating synaptic neurotransmission. Here, we established a neuromuscular coculture model of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons and SKM cells to explore the nerve-muscle communication in the presence of exogenous NRG-1β.

Gut microbiota influences Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by regulating acetate in Drosophila model.

Aim: The aim of present study is to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease (AD) using Drosophila model.

Materials & Methods: The microbiota was characterized by Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer was performed to measure the level of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), metabolites of the commensal microbiota.

Ablation of somatostatin cells leads to impaired pancreatic islet function and neonatal death in rodents.

The somatostatin (SST)-secreting cells were mainly distributed in the pancreatic islets, brain, stomach and intestine in mammals and have many physiological functions. In particular, the SST-secreting δ cell is the third most common cell type in the islets of Langerhans. Recent studies have suggested that dysregulation of paracrine interaction between the pancreatic δ cells and β cells results in impaired glucose homeostasis and contributes to diabetes development.

PCL2 regulates p53 stability and functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer.

Polycomblike2 (PCL2) is a well-known component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and plays important roles in H3K27 methylation and homeotic gene silencing. However, the involvement of PCL2 in breast cancer development remains unclear. Here, we established PCL2 as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer.

IL-37 isoform D downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in a Smad3-dependent manner.

IL-37 is a new member of IL-1 family and possesses five different isoforms (named as IL-37 a-e). IL-37b has been demonstrated as a physiological suppressor of immune responses. However, the function of other isoforms remains unknown.

TRIM50 suppressed hepatocarcinoma progression through directly targeting SNAIL for ubiquitous degradation.

Tripartite motif-containing 50 (TRIM50) belongs to the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple cancers. However, the role of TRIM50 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be clarified. Here we showed that TRIM50 expression was significantly decreased in liver cancer tissues compared with corresponding non-cancerous liver tissues, and its decreased expression was significantly correlated with advanced disease progression.

[Clinicopathologic and molecular features of cribriform morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma].

To investigate the clinicopathologic and molecular features of the rare cribriform morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (CMV-PTC). The clinicopathologic data of 10 patients with CMV-PTC were retrospectively reviewed. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was done using LSAB method.

l-Cysteine suppresses hypoxia-ischemia injury in neonatal mice by reducing glial activation, promoting autophagic flux and mediating synaptic modification via HS formation.

We previously reported that l-Cysteine, an HS donor, significantly alleviated brain injury after hypoxia-ischemic (HI) injury in neonatal mice. However, the mechanisms underlying this neuroprotective effect of l-Cysteine against HI insult remain unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the protective effects of l-Cysteine are associated with glial responses and autophagy, and l-Cysteine attenuates synaptic injury as well as behavioral deficits resulting from HI.

Tripartite motif 31 promotes resistance to anoikis of hepatocarcinoma cells through regulation of p53-AMPK axis.

Anoikis-resistance is an essential feature of cancer cells to obtain successful metastasis, whereas the molecular mechanism involved in this process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells is not fully understood. Here we demonstrated that tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) 31, a new member of the TRIM family, was significantly upregulated in the anchorage-deprived HCC cells compared with their attached counterpart. When we blocked TRIM31 expression by its specific interference RNAs, the anoikis-resistance of HCC cells was significantly reversed.

FBXW7 deletion contributes to lung tumor development and confers resistance to gefitinib therapy.

Gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), is an effective treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR activating mutations, but inevitably, the clinical efficacy is impeded by the emergence of acquired resistance. The tumor suppressor gene FBXW7 modulates chemosensitivity in various human cancers. However, its role in EGFR-TKI therapy in NSCLC has not been well studied.

Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features in Asian Practice: Perspectives for Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology.

The introduction of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) was initiated and promoted by pathologists. Recent Asian studies added new knowledge to the existing literature to aid a better understanding of NIFTP. Our original data and the results of a meta-analysis suggest that the initial rate of NIFTP has been overestimated, averaging 9.

Progranulin facilitates the increase of platelet count in immune thrombocytopenia.

Introduction: Progranulin (PGRN) is emerging as a critical immune mediator involved in a variety of autoimmune disorders. However, its role in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) remains unclear.

Materials And Methods: In this study, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for determining the plasma levels of PGRN in ITP patients vs.

Thyroid carcinoma producing β-human chorionic gonadotropin shows different clinical behavior.

Columnar cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (CCV-PTC) is an unusual neoplasm, the clinical behavior of which mainly depends on the encapsulation or infiltration. Patients with extensive extrathyroidal extension usually have an aggressive biological behavior. This study confirmed that beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) secreting invasive CCV-PTC has good prognosis comparing with a cohort of follicular cell differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

UHRF1 epigenetically down-regulates UbcH8 to inhibit apoptosis in cervical cancer cells.

UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains 1) is an important epigenetic regulator that plays a part in DNA methylation, protein methylation and ubiquitination. It is also frequently overexpressed in many types of cancers, including cervical cancer, which is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). In this study, we showed that UHRF1 was up-regulated in HPV oncogene E7 expressing cells and HPV-positive cervical cancer cells.

Intracellular mature IL-37 suppresses tumor metastasis via inhibiting Rac1 activation.

IL-37, a newly found anti-inflammatory cytokine of the IL-1 family, has both extracellular and intracellular functions. Accumulating evidences indicate that it is also involved in tumor progression. However, the mechanism and its intracellular target are unclear.

Interactions of Notch1 and TLR4 signaling pathways in DRG neurons of in vivo and in vitro models of diabetic neuropathy.

Understanding the interactions between Notch1 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathways in the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy may lead to interpretation of the mechanisms and novel approaches for preventing diabetic neuropathic pain. In the present study, the interactions between Notch1 and TLR4 signaling pathways were investigated by using dorsal root ganglion (DRG) from diabetic neuropathic pain rats and cultured DRG neurons under high glucose challenge. The results showed that high glucose induced not only Notch1 mRNA, HES1 mRNA, and TLR4 mRNA expression, but also Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1) and TLR4 protein expression in DRG neurons.

Cross-talk between TNF-α and IFN-γ signaling in induction of B7-H1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Clinical benefit from immunotherapy of B7-H1/PD-1 checkpoint blockade indicates that it is important to understand the regulatory mechanism of B7-H1 expression in cancer cells. As an adaptive response to the endogenous antitumor immunity, B7-H1 expression is up-regulated in HCC cells. B7-H1 expression is induced mainly by IFN-γ released from tumor-infiltrating T cells in HCC.

TRIM31 is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes disease progression by inducing ubiquitination of TSC1-TSC2 complex.

Tripartite motif (TRIM) 31 is a member of the tripartite motif-containing protein family, and TRIM family proteins are involved in a broad range of biological and pathological processes. However, the role of TRIM31 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is not known. Here we demonstrated that TRIM31 expression was significantly upregulated in liver cancer tissues compared with paired distal non-cancerous liver tissues from HCC patients, and its overexpression was significantly correlated with advanced disease status.