Quantification of C-induced membrane disruption using a quartz crystal microbalance.

Direct contact between fullerene C nanoparticles (NPs) and cell membranes is one of mechanisms for its cytotoxicity. In this study, the influence of C NPs on lipid membranes was investigated. Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) were used as model cell membranes to observe the membrane disruption after C exposure.