Epidemic patterns and the immunity levels in hospitalized patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection in 2019-2023.

Introduction: The epidemic pattern of the Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. To analyze the epidemic pattern of RSV infection and explore the fluctuations of immunity.

Methodology: Pediatric inpatients diagnosed with RSV infection or RSV pneumonia from January 2019 to August 2023 in a tertiary hospital were retrospectively included.

A systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the bidirectional association between asthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease in children.

Asthma is the most prevalent chronic respiratory disease in children, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of its extraesophageal complications of asthma. Both conditions are commonly observed in pediatric outpatient clinics, but the causality between them in children is still debated. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the bidirectional association between asthma and GERD in children.

The risk factors for chronic cough in children: A meta-analysis covering five continents.

Background: This study aimed to explore the risk factors for chronic cough in children and provide a reference for prevention and healthcare measures.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and EMBASE were searched for observational studies published up to April 2024. Outcome included risk factors associated with chronic cough in children.

Epidemiologic trends and changes in humoral immunity and lymphocyte subsets levels among hospitalized children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection during 2019-2023.

Purpose: To understand the changes in humoral immunity and lymphocyte subsets levels among hospitalized children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection from 2019 to 2023.

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed inpatients aged 0-14 years who were diagnosed with MP infection or MP pneumonia in a tertiary hospital from January 2019 to December 2023. The children were divided into three groups: before the implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), during the implementation of NPIs, and after the NPIs being lifted.

Advancements in the diagnosis and management of premature ventricular contractions in pediatric patients.

Background: Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are relatively common arrhythmias in the pediatric population, with implications that range from benign to potentially life-threatening. The management of PVCs in children poses unique challenges, and recent advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic options call for a comprehensive review of current practices.

Methods: This review synthesizes the latest literature on pediatric PVCs, focusing on publications from the past decade.

KLF4 interacts with TXNIP to modulate the pyroptosis in ulcerative colitis via regulating NLRP3 signaling.

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the most common diseases in the gastrointestinal tract related to abnormal inflammation. Pyroptosis, which is characterized by the formation of inflammasome, activation of caspase-1, and separation of N- and C-terminus of gasdermin D (GSDMD), and may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc finger transcription factor expressed in differentiated epithelial cells.

Procedural Efficiencies and Clinical Outcomes for Transcatheter Device Closure of Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects With Different Waist-Length Occluders.

Background: Potential differences in complications and/or long-term outcomes of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (pmVSD) closures with 3-mm waist vs. 4-mm waist double-disk symmetrical occluders are not known.

Methods And Results: A total of 395 consecutive pediatric patients with pmVSD recruited between January 2017 and March 2021 underwent successful transcatheter closure using symmetrical pmVSD devices.

Role of immune cells in the pathogenesis of myocarditis.

Myocarditis is an inflammatory heart disease that mostly affects young people. Myocarditis involves a complex immune network; however, its detailed pathogenesis is currently unclear. The diversity and plasticity of immune cells, either in the peripheral blood or in the heart, have been partially revealed in a number of previous studies involving patients and several kinds of animal models with myocarditis.