Brassinosteroid Enhances Cucumber Stress Tolerance to NaHCO by Modulating Nitrogen Metabolism, Ionic Balance and Phytohormonal Response.

Under NaHCO stress, exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) markedly alleviated Na accumulation in cucumber plants, thereby decreasing the Na/K, Na/Mg, and Na/Ca ratios. This mitigation was accompanied by elevated concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg, as well as enhanced expression of the and genes. In addition, the activities of plasma membrane H-ATPase, vesicular membrane H-ATPase, and vesicular membrane H-PPase were significantly increased, contributing to the maintenance of ionic balance in cucumber plants.

Exogenous 2,4-Epibrassinolide Alleviates Alkaline Stress in Cucumber by Modulating Photosynthetic Performance.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are recognized for their ability to enhance plant salt tolerance. While considerable research has focused on their effects under neutral salt conditions, the mechanisms through which BRs regulate photosynthesis under alkaline salt stress are less well understood. This study investigates these mechanisms, examining plant growth, photosynthetic electron transport, gas exchange parameters, Calvin cycle dynamics, and the expression of key antioxidant and Calvin cycle genes under alkaline stress conditions induced by NaHCO.

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Boosting Crop Resilience to Environmental Stresses.

Amid escalating challenges from global climate change and increasing environmental degradation, agricultural systems worldwide face a multitude of abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, elevated temperatures, heavy metal pollution, and flooding. These factors critically impair crop productivity and yield. Simultaneously, biotic pressures such as pathogen invasions intensify the vulnerability of agricultural outputs.

Dynamic Alterations of the Intestinal Microbiota of Fifth-Instar Silkworms () Fed an Artificial Diet or Mulberry Leaves.

Intestinal microbes are known to impact the growth and development of insects. However, there are few reports on the intestinal microbiota of silkworms (). The present study used Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the changes over time in the intestinal bacteriome of fifth-instar silkworms fed mulberry leaf (MB) or artificial diet (AD).

Mechanism of abscisic acid in promoting softening of postharvest 'Docteur Jules Guyot' pear ( L.).

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key hormone in plant growth and development, playing a central role in responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in fruit ripening. The present study examined the impact of ABA and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) on various postharvest 'Docteur Jules Guyot' pear fruit characteristics, including firmness, pectinase activity, pectin content, volatile aromatic substances, and the expression of correlated genes. The results showed that ABA quickly reduced fruit firmness, increasing the activity of pectin degradation-related enzymes.

Insights into the aroma volatiles and the changes of expression of ester biosynthesis candidate genes during postharvest storage of European pear.

During the storage period after harvest, the presence of volatile esters is essential for European pear aroma. Nevertheless, the specific molecular process underlying the production of volatile esters in European pear remains elusive. In this research, head space solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were employed to examine the volatile compounds of two varieties of European pear.

Genomic insights into a clinical Salmonella Typhimurium isolate carrying plasmid-mediated bla.

Objective: Highly carbapenem-resistant Salmonella has emerged worldwide in recent years and is largely associated with the multiform transmission of resistance genes, which poses a huge challenge in clinical practice. Our study delves into the resistance mechanisms and epidemiology of bla-carrying plasmids.

Methods: Whole-genome sequencing was utilised to analyse the molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of Salmonella isolates recovered from the faeces of a paediatric patient at the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.

Transcription factor PdMYB118 in poplar regulates lignin deposition and xylem differentiation in addition to anthocyanin synthesis through suppressing the expression of PagKNAT2/6b gene.

R2R3-MYB transcription factors function as the master regulators of the phenylpropanoid pathway in which both lignin and anthocyanin are produced. In poplar, R2R3-MYB transcription factor PdMYB118 positively regulates anthocyanin production to change leaf color. However, the molecular mechanism by which it controls different branches of the phenylpropanoid pathway still remains poorly understood.

Composition and Diversity of Gut Bacterial Community in Different Life Stages of Alfken (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae).

is an excellent pollinator in nature and plays a vital role in the conservation of agro-ecosystems and food security. Given the important role of the gut bacterial community in host health and regulation of host growth and development, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing data, the present study explored the composition of the gut bacterial community and its diversity at different life stages (eggs, young larvae, old larvae, young pupae, old pupae, and 1-day-old adults in cocoons) of the solitary bee . The results showed that the core phyla in the gut of at different life stages were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota, and the core genera were , , and .

Therapeutic efficacy of a K5-specific phage and depolymerase against Klebsiella pneumoniae in a mouse model of infection.

Klebsiella pneumoniae has become one of the most intractable gram-negative pathogens infecting humans and animals due to its severe antibiotic resistance. Bacteriophages and protein products derived from them are receiving increasing amounts of attention as potential alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, we isolated and investigated the characteristics of a new lytic phage, P1011, which lyses K5 K.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of from Healthy Chickens in Shandong, China from 2009 to 2014.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a great threat to animal and public health. Here, we conducted a surveillance of isolated from healthy chickens during 2009-2014 to identify the characteristics of AMR. A total of 351 (95.

Evaluation of the Pollination Efficiency of Apple Trees by Osmia excavata Alfken (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae).

The mason bee Osmia excavata Alfken is an apple pollinating insect widely distributed in northern China, in order to effectively utilize the mason bee and improve the pollination rate of apples, there is a need to evaluate the pollination efficiency of the bees. This study evaluated the pollination efficiency of the mason bee on apple orchards in Jinan and Yantai, Shandong Province, China. The study compared natural pollination areas and pollination areas with different release densities of O.

Effects of dietary mulberry leaves on growth, production performance, gut microbiota, and immunological parameters in poultry and livestock: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of dietary mulberry leaves on the growth, production performance, gut microbiota, and immunological parameters of poultry and livestock.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were systematically analyzed to identify pertinent studies up to December 2022. The effects of mulberry leaf diet was assessed using the weighted mean difference, and the 95% confidence interval was calculated using a random-effects model.

The Effects of Exogenous 2,4-Epibrassinolide on the Germination of Cucumber Seeds under NaHCO Stress.

This investigation focused on the suppressive impact of varying NaHCO concentrations on cucumber seed germination and the ameliorative effects of 2,4-Epibrassinolide (EBR). The findings revealed a negative correlation between NaHCO concentration and cucumber seed germination, with increased NaHCO concentrations leading to a notable decline in germination. Crucially, the application of exogenous EBR significantly counteracted this inhibition, effectively enhancing germination rates and seed vigor.

Leaf Spot caused by on in China.

The small tree species Rhamnella franguloides, belonging to the genus Rhamnella in the tribe Rhamneae Hook. f. of Rhamnaceae (Hauenschild et al.

Identification, characterisation and expression analysis of peanut sugar invertase genes reveal their vital roles in response to abiotic stress.

Sucrose invertase activity is positively related to osmotic and salt stress resistance in peanut. Sucrose invertases (INVs) have important functions in plant growth and response to environmental stresses. However, their biological roles in peanut are still not fully revealed.

Co-production of pigment and high value-added bacterial nanocellulose from biomass with improved efficiency of enzymatic saccharification and fermentation.

This study evaluated the co-production of pigment and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) from biomass. The extraction of the beet red pigment reduced the salts and flavonoids contents by 82.7%-100%, promoting the efficiencies of enzymatic saccharification of the biomass and the fermentation of BNC from the hydrolysate.

Contribution of nadR to the cell growth and virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2.

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) has been reported to be a highly invasive pathogen in swine and a zoonotic agent for humans. Although many bacterial virulence factors have been identified, our an insightful understanding of SS2 pathogenicity is lacking. The gene nadR, encoding nicotinamide-nucleotide adenylyltransferase, was first reported as a regulator and transporter of the intracellular NAD synthesis pathway in Salmonella typhimurium.

Ectopic Expression of MADS-Box Transcription Factor from Grape Promotes Early Flowering, Plant Growth, and Production by Regulating Cell-Wall Architecture in .

The MADS-box family, a substantial group of plant transcription factors, crucially regulates plant growth and development. Although the functions of AGL12-like subgroups have been elucidated in , rice, and walnut, their roles in grapes remain unexplored. In this study, we isolated , a member of the grape MADS-box group, and investigated its impact on plant growth and biomass production.

Effects of biochar amendment and organic fertilizer on microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of wheat in Yellow River Delta saline-alkaline soil.

The biochar and organic fertilizer amendment have been used as an effective practice to increase soil fertility. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of microbial community response to organic fertilizer and biochar application on saline-alkali soil have not been clarified. This study investigated the effects at different concentrations of organic fertilizer and biochar on the microbial community of wheat rhizosphere soil under field experiment in the Yellow River Delta (China, YRD), using high-throughput sequencing technology.

Transcriptome profiling reveals multiple regulatory pathways of Tamarix chinensis in response to salt stress.

Multiple regulatory pathways of T. chinensis to salt stress were identified through transcriptome data analysis. Tamarix chinensis (Tamarix chinensis Lour.

Study on the Applications and Regulatory Mechanisms of Grafting on Vegetables.

Grafting can overcome problems with soil sensitivity, enhance plant stress tolerance, improve product quality, and increase crop yield and value. This paper reviews the various mechanisms of vegetable grafting, the graft survival process and its influencing factors, the practical applications of grafting, and the molecular regulation of grafting in vegetables. The importance of germplasm and rootstock interactions, the mechanization of vegetable grafting, and future aspects, including intelligence and digitalization, are discussed.

Genome-wide characterization of SINA E3 ubiquitin ligase family members and their expression profiles in response to various abiotic stresses and hormones in kiwifruit.

SINA (Seven in absentia) proteins in the subtype of E3 ubiquitin ligase family have important functions in regulating the growth and development as well as in response to abiotic and biotic stresses in plants. However, the characteristics and possible functions of SINA family proteins in kiwifruit are not studied. In this research, a total number of 11 AcSINA genes in the kiwifruit genome were identified.

Effect of biochar and bioorganic fertilizer on the microbial diversity in the rhizosphere soil of in saline-alkaline soil.

Introduction: Biochar and bioorganic fertilizer (BOF) application in agriculture has garnered increasing interest recently. However, the effects of biochar and BOF on rhizosphere soil microecology, especially in a region with saline-alkaline soil, remain largely unexplored.

Methods: In this study, we performed Illumina-based 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the effects of biochar with or without BOF addition, as well as at different addition rates and particles sizes, on the microecology of saline-alkaline rhizosphere soil.