Cadmium Reduces VE-Cadherin Expression in Endothelial Cells Through Activation of the Notch Signaling Pathway.

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal which induces vascular disorders. Previous studies suggest that Cd in the bloodstream affects vascular endothelial cells (ECs), potentially contributing to vascular-related diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of effects of Cd on ECs remain poorly understood.

Effects of smoking cessation on individuals with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Despite smoking being a significant risk factor in the occurrence and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), no comprehensive analysis has been conducted to determine the potential benefits of smoking cessation for patients with established COPD or identify specific indicators that may be improved. The aim of our meta-analysis was to elucidate the positive impact of smoking cessation on COPD.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wan Fang and VIP databases to identify studies that met our eligibility criteria from inception up to 1, May 2024.

Accurate Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Infections Using Host Response and Respiratory Microbiome from a Single Metatranscriptome Test of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid.

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) diagnosis is challenging because noninfectious diseases mimic its clinical features. The altered host response and respiratory microbiome following LRTIs have the potential to differentiate LRTIs from noninfectious respiratory diseases (non-LRTIs). Patients suspected of having LRTIs are retrospectively enrolled and a clinical metatranscriptome test is performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).

Effect of hypercapnia on neurologic outcomes after cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Brain injury often occurs after cardiac arrest, and the regulation of PaCO plays a crucial role in mediating cerebral blood flow. The current guidelines recommend maintaining normocapnia through ventilation in post-arrest patients. However, the effects of hypercapnia on neurological outcomes remain controversial.

Unleashing AdipoRon's Potential: A Fresh Approach to Tackle Infections in Bronchiectasis via Sphingosine Metabolism Modulation.

Purpose: Bronchiectasis patients are prone to infection due to decreased level of sphingosine in airway. Adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon activates the intrinsic ceramidase activity of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and positively regulates sphingosine metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic benefit of AdipoRon against infection.

Focus on the role of calcium signaling in ferroptosis: a potential therapeutic strategy for sepsis-induced acute lung injury.

By engaging in redox processes, ferroptosis plays a crucial role in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Although iron stimulates calcium signaling through the stimulation of redox-sensitive calcium pathways, the function of calcium signals in the physiological process of ferroptosis in septic ALI remains unidentified. Iron homeostasis disequilibrium in ferroptosis is frequently accompanied by aberrant calcium signaling.

Thrombosis in Critically Ill Influenza Patients: Incidence and Risk Factors.

Influenza infection is associated with a risk of thrombosis. Whether factors associated with reduced thrombosis might also be associated with reduced risk in patients with severe influenza is unknown. To investigate risk factors associated with thrombosis in patients with severe influenza.

TNFSF11/TNFRSF11A Axis Amplifies HDM-Induced Airway Remodeling by Strengthening TGFβ1/STAT3 Action.

Purpose: Asthma, an airway inflammatory disease, involves multiple tumor necrosis factors (TNF). TNF ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) and its known receptor, TNF receptor superfamily 11A (TNFRSF11A), has been implicated in asthma; however, the related mechanisms remain unknown.

Methods: The serum and bronchial airway of patients with asthma and healthy subjects were examined.

A Mendelian randomization study on the causal effects of cigarette smoking on liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Background: Liver fibrosis significantly impacts public health globally. Untreated liver fibrosis eventually results in cirrhosis. Cigarette smoking is the main etiologic factor for various diseases.

Targeting lysyl oxidase like 2 attenuates OVA-induced airway remodeling partly via the AKT signaling pathway.

Background: Airway epithelium is an important component of airway structure and the initiator of airway remodeling in asthma. The changes of extracellular matrix (ECM), such as collagen deposition and structural disturbance, are typical pathological features of airway remodeling. Thus, identifying key mediators that derived from airway epithelium and capable of modulating ECM may provide valuable insights for targeted therapy of asthma.

Low-dose cadmium induces lymphangiogenesis through activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway.

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental toxicant that poses significant threat to public health. After intake, Cd is distributed throughout the body via blood and lymphatic circulation. However, the effect of Cd on lymphatic vessels has not been revealed.

The efficacy and safety of continuous intravenous infusion of rh-endostatin combined with platinum-based doublet chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: Platinum-based doublet chemotherapy is commonly used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A growing body of evidence indicates that incorporating antiangiogenic agents into platinum-based chemotherapy may enhance the survival outcomes for NSCLC patients. However, the optimal administration protocol for intravenous recombinant human endostatin (rh-endostatin), an antiangiogenic agent, remains uncertain at present.

How does severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) achieve immune evasion?: A narrative review.

COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious disease known for its significant lung damage. Although the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our daily lives has been limited, the virus has not vanished entirely and continues to undergo mutations. This calls for a concentrated focus on the matter of SARS-CoV-2 immune evasion.

Discovery of Multiple Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on Lung Adenocarcinoma at the Single-cell and Bulk Tissue Levels.

Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are potential targets for treating malignant tumors.

Aims: The aim of this study was to probe into the mechanisms of disease development and treatment in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Objective: This study investigated the impact of ROS on the progression of LUAD at different transcriptomic levels and analyzed key molecules involved in the regulation of LUAD.

Multiple pulmonary cavities in an immunocompetent patient: a case report and literature review.

Legionella pneumonia (LP) is a relatively uncommon yet well-known type of atypical community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). It is characterized by a rapid progression to severe pneumonia and can be easily misdiagnosed. In most patients, chest computed tomography (CT) showed patchy infiltration, which may progress to lobar infiltration or even lobar consolidation.

Suppression of SPARC Ameliorates Ovalbumin-induced Airway Remodeling via TGFβ1/Smad2 in Chronic Asthma.

Purpose: Airway remodeling is a critical feature of asthma. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), which plays a cardinal role in regulating cell-matrix interactions, has been implicated in various fibrotic diseases. However, the effect of SPARC in asthma remains unknown.

A gene polymorphism at SP-B 1580 site regulates the pulmonary surfactant tension of viral pneumonia through the cellular pyroptosis signaling pathway.

Background: Viral pneumonias, such as SARS and MERS, have been a recurrent challenge for the public healthcare system. COVID-19 posed an unprecedented global crisis. The primary impact of viral pneumonia is pathologic changes of lung tissue.

Prognostic Value of Neutrophils-to-Lymphocytes Ratio and Platelets-to-Lymphocytes Ratio in Sepsis Patients With Lymphopenia.

Background: Inflammation plays a critical role in sepsis. The integration of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelets-to-lymphocytes ratio (PLR) from multiple cell types offers a novel approach to rapidly assess inflammation status. However, the predictive role of NLR and PLR in sepsis with lymphopenia remains uncertain.

Machine learning-based radiomics strategy for prediction of acquired EGFR T790M mutation following treatment with EGFR-TKI in NSCLC.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Thr790 Met (T790M) mutation is responsible for approximately half of the acquired resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Identifying patients at diagnosis who are likely to develop this mutation after first- or second-generation EGFR-TKI treatment is crucial for better treatment outcomes. This study aims to develop and validate a radiomics-based machine learning (ML) approach to predict the T790M mutation in NSCLC patients at diagnosis.

IgG4-related diseases involving pleura: a case report and literature review.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibro-inflammatory disease with the potential to involve virtually all organs, including the pancreas, kidneys, lungs, and pleura, amongst others. IgG4-RD pleural involvement may cause diverse complications such as pleural effusion, pleural thickening, pleural nodules, and additional lesions, which can be presented in many clinical diseases. However, isolated cases of pleurisy are still rare in IgG4-RD.