Shift of Reference Values for Thyroid Volume by Ultrasound in 8- to 13-Year-Olds with Sufficient Iodine Intake in China.

Background: The iodine nutritional status of the Chinese population has been greatly improved in recent years. Therefore, the reference values for thyroid volume (Tvol) in children with sufficient iodine intake need to be updated. The study aimed to update the reference values for Tvol in children with sufficient iodine intake in order to define goiter in the context of sustained iodine sufficiency.

Anthropometry-based 24-h urinary creatinine excretion reference for Chinese children.

To establish 24-h urinary creatinine excretion reference ranges based on anthropometry in healthy Chinese children, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using twice-sampled 24-h urine and anthropometric variables. Age- and sex-specific 24-h creatinine excretion reference ranges (crude and related to individual anthropometric variables) were derived. During October 2013 and May 2014, urine samples were collected.

Adverse effects on thyroid of Chinese children exposed to long-term iodine excess: optimal and safe Tolerable Upper Intake Levels of iodine for 7- to 14-y-old children.

Background: The adverse effects of iodine excess on the thyroid in children are not well understood, and the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for iodine in children is unclear.

Objective: The aims of this study were to assess the effects of chronic long-term iodine excess on thyroid function in children and to explore the safe Tolerable Upper Intake Level of iodine in Chinese children.

Design: A multistage cross-sectional study was conducted in 2224 children from areas with adequate to excessive iodine content in drinking water.

Associations between iodine intake, thyroid volume, and goiter rate in school-aged Chinese children from areas with high iodine drinking water concentrations.

Background: Excessive iodine intake may have adverse effects on the thyroid, particularly in children, but the safe upper iodine intake concentration in children is unclear.

Objective: We assessed the adverse effects of high iodine intake from iodine-rich drinking water on thyroid size in children by examining associations between thyroid volume (Tvol), total goiter rate (TGR), and iodine intake.

Design: In a multistage cross-sectional survey, we collected two 24-h urine samples on 2 nonconsecutive days and determined 24-h urinary iodine excretion, then calculated habitual daily iodine intake.

Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) estimated by iodine/creatinine ratio from spot urine in Chinese school-age children.

Objective: To assess the validity of urinary iodine excretion (UIE) estimated by urinary iodine/creatinine ratio (UI/Cr) from spot urines in Chinese school-age children.

Design: A cross-sectional survey was performed in which twice-repeated collections of 24-h urine, and spot urine samples were obtained within 1 month.

Measurements: Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), urinary creatinine concentration (UCr), urine volume (Uvol) of spot and 24-h urine samples were measured.

24-Hour Urine Samples Are More Reproducible Than Spot Urine Samples for Evaluation of Iodine Status in School-Age Children.

Background: Variation in different urinary measurements for evaluation of iodine status is of concern to clinicians and researchers.

Objective: This study evaluated variations between urine iodine concentration (UIC), spot and 24-h urine sample creatinine concentrations, and 24-h urine iodine excretion (24-h UIE) in repeated samples from school-age children.

Methods: Urine samples (24 h and morning spot) were collected on 2 occasions from 981 children in Ningjin and Lingxian counties, China.

Iodine nutritional status in the adult population of Shandong Province (China) prior to salt reduction program.

Purpose: Tremendous differences in iodine status and daily iodine intake persist across provinces of China. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the iodine status and dietary iodine intake of Shandong adults before the implementation of the salt reduction program and a new salt iodization standard.

Methods: Data from a baseline survey of the Shandong and Ministry of Health Action on Salt Reduction and Hypertension project (2011) were analyzed.

[Study on iodine nutritional status of target population due to different iodine concentrations in drinking water after stopped iodized salt].

Objective: To investigate the iodine nutritional status of key population living areas with iodine excess in drinking water before and after stopped iodized salt supply to provide strategies of control excessive iodine.

Methods: The levels of iodine in drinking water, edible salt of household and urine of school-age children and child-beard age women were investigated at four villages A, B, C and D which iodine concentrations of 50-100, 100-150, 150-300 and more than 300microg/L. The results of iodine in water, edible salt, urine and thyroid goiter were observed before stopping iodized salt.

[Study on the present status of the areas with high iodine concentration in drinking water and edible salt at household levels in Ohio of Yellow River].

Objective: To understand the present condition of iodine excess areas and edible salt at household levels in Ohio of Yellow River,which will provide the evidence to control it.

Methods: A cross section in one time was adopted for the epidemiological survey based on the east, west, south, north and central in all of townships from 8 counties. 2 samples of drinking water from each village were tested their water iodine content as well as the data regarding to their recourses and the depth of wells.