Smart Design of Targeted Drug Delivery System for Precise Drug Delivery and Visual Treatment of Brain Gliomas.

In the treatment of glioma, which is one of the malignant tumors, although chemotherapy is used as the most common treatment method, it often suffers from low bioavailability. Therefore, improving the precision and efficiency of drugs is crucial in treating gliomas and a great challenge. Here, an advanced drug delivery system is reported for gliomas (CZQD@HA@DOX), which aggregates multiple features such as the susceptible imaging tracer property due to the use of CZQD and the targeting of HA to the receptor cluster 44 (CD44) of glioma cells, which provides the system with the functions of targeted enrichment and precise drug delivery at the tumor site.

Targeted lipid nanoparticles distributed in hydrogel treat osteoarthritis by modulating cholesterol metabolism and promoting endogenous cartilage regeneration.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disease in aging joints and has characteristics of cartilage destruction and inflammation. It is currently considered a metabolic disease, and the CH25H-CYP7B1-RORα axis of cholesterol metabolism in chondrocytes plays a crucial catabolic regulatory role in its pathogenesis. Targeting of this axis in chondrocytes may provide a therapeutic approach for OA treatment.

Image quality assessment of artificial intelligence iterative reconstruction for low dose unenhanced abdomen: comparison with hybrid iterative reconstruction.

Objectives: To assess the impact of artificial intelligence iterative reconstruction algorithms (AIIR) on image quality with phantom and clinical studies.

Methods: The phantom images were reconstructed with the hybrid iterative algorithm (HIR: Karl 3D-3, 5, 7, 9) and AIIR (grades 1-5) algorithm. Noise power spectra (NPS), task transfer functions (TTF) were measured, and additionally sharpness was assessed using a "blur metric" procedure.

Genetic susceptibility of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a meta genome-wide association study in Asian population.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive malignancy and the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that occurs worldwide. To discover risk factors and pathogenesis of DLBCL, we performed the largest GWAS of DLBCL to date in samples of East Asian ancestry, consisting of 2,888 patients with DLBCL and 12,458 controls. The meta-analysis identified three novel loci, rs2233434 on 6p21.

Machine learning-based integration develops a disulfidptosis-related lncRNA signature for improving outcomes in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer remains one of the deadliest cancers globally due to delayed detection and limited treatment options, underscoring the critical need for innovative prognostic methods. Disulfidptosis, a recently discovered programmed cell death triggered by disulphide stress, presents a fresh avenue for therapeutic exploration. This research examines disulfidptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (DRLs) in gastric cancer, with the goal of leveraging these lncRNAs as potential markers to enhance patient outcomes and treatment approaches.

Robust thoracic CT image registration with environmental adaptability using dynamic Welsch's function and hierarchical structure-awareness strategy.

Background: Robust registration of thoracic computed tomography (CT) images is strongly impacted by motion during acquisition, high-density objects, and noise, particularly in lower-dose acquisitions. Despite the enhanced registration speed achieved by popular deep learning (DL) methods, their robustness is often neglected. This study aimed to develop a robust thoracic CT image registration algorithm to address the aforementioned issues.

Assessing intra- and interfraction motion and its dosimetric impacts on cervical cancer adaptive radiotherapy based on 1.5T MR-Linac.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify the intra- and interfraction motion of the target volume and organs at risk (OARs) during adaptive radiotherapy (ART) for uterine cervical cancer (UCC) using MR-Linac and to identify appropriate UCC target volume margins for adapt-to-shape (ATS) and adapt-to-position (ATP) workflows. Then, the dosimetric differences caused by motion were analyzed.

Methods: Thirty-two UCC patients were included.

Enhanced Cross-stage-attention U-Net for esophageal target volume segmentation.

Purpose: The segmentation of target volume and organs at risk (OAR) was a significant part of radiotherapy. Specifically, determining the location and scale of the esophagus in simulated computed tomography images was difficult and time-consuming primarily due to its complex structure and low contrast with the surrounding tissues. In this study, an Enhanced Cross-stage-attention U-Net was proposed to solve the segmentation problem for the esophageal gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical tumor volume (CTV) in CT images.

Exosomal miR-320d promotes angiogenesis and colorectal cancer metastasis via targeting GNAI1 to affect the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor, whose growth and metastasis are influenced by numerous factors. MicroRNAs have garnered increasing attention in recent years due to their involvement in tumor development. Exosomes are involved in intercellular signaling and influence tumor development by promoting tumor cell proliferation and metastasis through activation of angiogenesis and other mechanisms.

Cardiovascular Events Associated with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: A Safety Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and a Pharmacovigilance Study of the FAERS Database.

Background: CDK4/6 inhibitors are highly valued, but the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors is not clear.

Objective: Our aim was therefore to assess the risk of developing CVAEs associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors, by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), along with a pharmacovigilance study of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Methods: Eligible CVAEs were extracted from the ClinicalTrials.

Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies endothelial-derived HBEGF as promoting pancreatic beta cell proliferation in mice via the EGFR-Kmt5a-H4K20me pathway.

Aims/hypothesis: Pancreatic beta cell mass is dynamically regulated in response to increased physiological and pathological demands. Understanding the mechanisms that control physiological beta cell proliferation could provide valuable insights into novel therapeutic approaches to diabetes. Here, we aimed to analyse the intracellular and extracellular signalling pathways involved in regulating the physiological proliferation of beta cells using single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and in vitro functional assays.

Effects of the Combination of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim, Ligustrum lucidum Ait and Dexamethasone on asthmatic rats by endogenous glucocorticoid pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) believes that kidney deficiency is the fundamental cause of chronic refractory asthma, accompanied by pathological changes such as airway remodeling and a reduction of endogenous glucocorticoid (GC) synthesis. The combination of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim (EB) and Ligustrum lucidum Ait (LL) is frequently used in TCM for kidney tonifying and the alleviation of asthma symptoms. This approach is based on Pei-Ben formula, a renowned treatment for asthma developed by the distinguished Shanghai Practitioner, Professor Huiguang Xu, over 30 years of clinical experience.

Automatic pituitary adenoma segmentation and identification of cavernous sinus invasion via multitask learning.

Aim: This study aimed to develop a multitask deep learning model for pituitary macroadenoma (PMA) segmentation and identification of cavernous sinus (CS) invasion.

Materials And Methods: A total of 926 patients with PMAs (n=816 from Institution 1 for model training and n=110 from Institution 2 for model validation) were included. Manual segmentation for tumor and bilateral internal carotid arteries was conducted on coronal contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging images using ITK-SNAP.

Preclinical evaluation of 64Cu/177Lu-labelled anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody for theranostics in CD30-positive lymphoma.

Purpose: CD30 serves as an ideal therapeutic target for lymphoma, but its variable expression and high relapse rate pose challenges in targeted therapy. This study aims to label the anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody with Cu/Lu for immuno-positron emission tomography (immuno-PET) and radioimmunotherapy (RIT).

Methods: CD30 binding kinetics of anti-CD30-IgG (IMB16) were measured by Biolayer interferometry (BLI).

Neuroticism and cerebral small vessel disease: A genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Objectives: The association of neuroticism and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) development remains unclear. In this study, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the potential role of neuroticism in CSVD development.

Methods: We collected data on ischemic stroke (IS); small vessel stroke (SVS); three neuroimaging markers altered in CSVD, including white matter hyperintensity (WMH), fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity (MD); and three neuroticism clusters, including depressed affect, worry, sensitivity to environmental stress and adversity (SESA), from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Achieving theranostic probes targeting BRD3/BRD4 for imaging and therapy of tumor.

The BET family proteins play pleiotropic roles in the tumorigenesis and growth of various human malignancies that have aroused great interests as the cancer therapeutic targets. Therefore, it's significant to develop labeling toolkits for the dynamic monitoring of BET family proteins in living tumor cells and tissue slices. In particular, there are few small-molecule fluorescent probes based on BET family proteins developed for real-time imaging of these proteins in tumor cells and tissues and treatment of breast cancer.

USP14 inhibition by degrasyn induces YAP1 degradation and suppresses the progression of radioresistant esophageal cancer.

Background: Radiotherapy is a major modality for esophageal cancer (ESCA) treatment, yet radioresistance severely hampers its therapeutic efficacy. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14) is a novel deubiquitinase and can mediate cancer cells' response to irradiation, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear, including in ESCA.

Methods: To evaluate the expression of USP14 in ESCA tissues or cells, we used RNA-Seq, immunoblotting, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), ubiquitination, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence assays in this investigation.

Application of modified Curie and SIOPEN skeleton scoring systems in F-AlF-NOTA-octreotide PET/CT for neuroblastoma.

Objective: The study aimed to explore the role of fluorine-18-aluminum fluoride-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-octreotide (F-OC) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in neuroblastoma (NB) and compared it with Iodine-123 labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-MIBG) scintigraphy with single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), as well as to investigate the feasibility of the modified Curie scoring system and International Society of Pediatric Oncology Europe Neuroblastoma (SIOPEN) skeleton scoring system applied in F-OC PET/CT.

Methods: Patients with pathologically confirmed NB underwent I-MIBG scintigraphy with SPECT/CT and F-OC PET/CT according the standard imaging protocols. The interval between the two imaging techniques ranged from 0 to 22 days (median interval: 9 days).

The impact of POSTN on tumor cell behavior and the tumor microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in modulating the anti-tumor immune response in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains elusive, primarily due to the heterogeneous nature of these cells. This heterogeneity muddles the understanding of their impact on immunotherapy effectiveness.

Methods: We utilized the LUAD single-cell dataset to precisely classify tumor cells and CAFs.

Construction and validation of deep learning model for cachexia in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a multicenter study.

Background: Cachexia is observed in around 60% of patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) and may play an important role in the development of resistance to immunotherapy. This study aims to evaluate the influence of cachexia on the effectiveness of immunotherapy, develop and assess a deep learning (DL)-based prediction model for cachexia, as well as its prognostic value.

Methods: The analysis encompassed ES-SCLC patients who received the combination of first-line immunotherapy and chemotherapy from Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Qilu Hospital, and Jining First People's Hospital.

Construction and validation of a prognostic model based on oxidative stress-related genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): predicting patient outcomes and therapy responses.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a significant health concern. The prognostic value of oxidative stress (OS)-related genes in NSCLC remains unclear. The study aimed to explore the prognostic significance of OS-genes in NSCLC using extensive datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).

Preclinical Evaluation and Pilot Clinical Study of CD137 PET Radiotracer for Noninvasive Monitoring Early Responses of Immunotherapy.

Given the variability in the effectiveness of immune checkpoint blocking therapy among patients and tumor types, development of noninvasive methods for longitudinal assessment of immune cell function and early tumor response is crucial for precision immunotherapy. CD137 (4-1BB), a marker of activated T cells, plays a significant role in immunotherapy. However, its potential as an imaging biomarker for activated T cells in the tumor microenvironment has not been explored.

Elucidating the bidirectional association between autoimmune diseases and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Question: Collective evidence for the bidirectional association between depression and autoimmune diseases (ADs) is scarce, especially for subgroups of patients with specific ADs. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the incidence rates and relative risks (RRs) of depression among patients with ADs, and vice versa.

Study Selection And Analysis: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid, PsycNet and Cochrane were searched up to 10 September 2024.

Case report: The outcomes of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma: case series and literature review.

Background: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a significant risk of recurrence even after surgical intervention, leading to a dismal prognosis. In recent years, perioperative immunotherapy has demonstrated promising results in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is a lack of studies reporting the efficacy of perioperative immunotherapy in PSC.