VPS28 regulates triglyceride synthesis via ubiquitination in bovine mammary epithelial cells.

VPS28 (vacuolar protein sorting 28) is a subunit of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) and is involved in ubiquitination. Ubiquitination is a critical system for protein degradation in eukaryotes. Considering the recent findings on the role of ubiquitination in the regulation of lipid metabolism, we hypothesized that VPS28 might affect the expression of genes involved in milk fat synthesis.

The transcription factor YbdO attenuates the pathogenicity of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli by regulating oxidative stress response.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a significant pathogen infecting poultry that is responsible for high mortality, morbidity and severe economic losses to the poultry industry globally, posing a substantial risk to the health of poultry. APEC encounters reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the infection process and thus has evolved antioxidant defense mechanisms to protect against oxidative damage. The imbalance of ROS production and antioxidant defenses is known as oxidative stress, which results in oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and DNA, and even bacterial cell death.

Preparation, separation and identification of novel hypocholesterolemic peptides from wheat germ: An in vitro and in silico study.

The aim of this study was to prepare, isolate, and identify hypocholesterolemic peptides from wheat germ protein and explore their efficacy. Wheat germ protein was hydrolyzed using four commercial enzymes. Hydrolysate, with the highest in vitro hypocholesterolemic activity was isolated using ultrafiltration and macroporous resin.

The prevalence, distribution, and diversity of Salmonella isolated from pork slaughtering processors and retail outlets in the Shandong Province of China.

Salmonella is a foodborne pathogen of global significance and is highly prevalent in pork. This study investigated the prevalence, contamination distribution, virulence genes and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in 3 pork processors in the Shandong Province of China. Samples were collected from 13 different sampling sources across the slaughter procedures (600 samples) as well as at retail outlets supplied by these processors (45 samples).

BMP2 is required for granulosa cell proliferation and primordial follicle activation in chicken.

During ovary development, the dormant primordial follicles (PF) are stimulated and begin to develop into primary follicles (PrF), a process called follicle activation. Only activated follicles can continue to grow and release the eggs in the future, making the female animal fertile. The molecular events during PF activation are not fully understood.

A tripartite transcriptional module regulates protoderm specification during embryogenesis in Arabidopsis.

Protoderm formation is a crucial step in early embryo patterning in plants, separating the precursors of the epidermis and the inner tissues. Although key regulators such as ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA MERISTEM LAYER1 (ATML1) and PROTODERMAL FACTOR2 (PDF2) have been identified in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the genetic pathways controlling protoderm specification remain largely unexplored. Here, we combined genetic, cytological, and molecular approaches to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of protoderm specification in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Isolation and characterization of an avian metapneumovirus subtype C circulating in Cherry Valley ducks.

Since 2023, an infectious upper respiratory tract disease has been persisted in outbreaks among in a flock of Cherry Valley ducks in Shandong Province, China. This outbreak was traced to avian metapneumovirus subtype C (aMPV-C), a significant pathogen associated with egg-drop and acute respiratory diseases in poultry. It is noteworthy that prior to this, aMPV-C infection had not been previously documented in Cherry Valley ducks within China.

New Species and Records Expand the Checklist of Cellular Slime Molds (Dictyostelids) in Jilin Province, China.

Dictyostelids represent a crucial element in the protist community, and their abundant presence in Jilin Province underscores their indispensable role in biodiversity conservation. In the present study, a resource survey of dictyostelids used random sampling to collect 28 soil samples from five localities in Changbai Korean Autonomous County, Jilin Province. In addition, a compilation of dictyostelid species reported from Jilin Province was developed, based on a thorough review of the literature.

The Prevalence and Genetic Characteristics of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Shandong Province, China, 2018-2020.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important swine pathogen that has caused considerable economic losses in the global swine industry. During our surveillance of pigs in Shandong, China, from 2018 to 2020, we found that the PCV2 infection rate was 7.89% (86/1090).

[Effects of exogenous abscisic acid on grain filling characteristics, starch accumulation, and endogenous hormones in maize under early post-anthesis high temperature stress].

We investigated the effects of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) on grain filling, starch accumulation, and endogenous hormones in maize (both the heat-tolerant maize variety Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) and the heat-sensitive variety Xianyu 335 (XY335)) under early post-anthesis high temperature stress by simulating high temperature stress for a period of 6 to 12 days post-anthesis in 2022 and 2023. There were three treatments: spraying water at ambient temperature as the control, spraying water at high temperature, and spraying ABA at high temperature. The results showed that early post-anthesis high temperature stress resulted in a significant reduction in grain weight and yield in maize, with XY335 showing a greater reduction than ZD958.

Lower toxicity of HFPO-DA compared to its predecessor PFOA to the earthworm Eisenia fetida: Evidence from oxidative stress and transcriptomic analysis.

Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA), an emerging perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) that is replacing traditional PFASs, has a wide range of industrial applications and has been detected globally in the environment. However, it remains unclear whether HFPO-DA, is genuinely less toxic than perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in terms of soil environmental hazards. Therefore, this study aimed to compare differences in toxicity between PFOA and its substitute, HFPO-DA, in a common species of earthworm, Eisenia fetida.

[Characteristics, Health Risks, and Source Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in Surface Soil in Shanxian County].

Soil heavy metal （HM） pollution is a prominent global environmental problem. Understanding the risk characteristics and quantitative analysis of potential sources of soil HM pollution is of great significance for accurate prevention and control, scientific management, and safe utilization of soil resources. In the surface soil of Shanxian County, the contents of eight HMs, such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, were collected and identified in 330 surface soil samples.

Comparison of the combined toxicity of PFOA and emerging alternatives: A comprehensive evaluation of oxidative damage, apoptosis and immunotoxicity in embryonic and adult zebrafish.

Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) are widely used substitutes to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Whether these substitutes are less toxic than PFOA remains unclear owing to differences in the experimental methods, test organisms, and other experimental conditions in previous studies. The present study selected 0.

Alleviating effects of dietary formic acid polymer supplementation on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury in gut-liver axis of broilers.

A close interplay exists between the gut and liver, known as the "gut-liver axis", which plays a vital role in health and disease. This research aimed to explore the effects of dietary formic acid polymer (FAP) addition on inflammatory injury in gut-liver axis of broilers due to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Four hundred and fifty 1-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were assigned to three treatment groups: (1) control (non-challenged, basal diet); (2) LPS (LPS-challenged, basal diet); (3) LPS+FAP (LPS-challenged, basal diet with 1,000 mg/kg FAP).

Low-temperature stress at the booting stage reduces high-quality aromatic rice quality by improving the albumin and amylose contents.

High-quality aromatic rice (HAR) is most sensitive to low-temperature stress at the booting stage (LTB), and LTB leads to quality reduction. The key enzymes involved in nitrogen and carbon metabolism significantly affect the synthesis of proteins and starch, thereby influencing the nutritional and taste quality of rice. However, to date, no studies have focused on the after-effects of low-temperature at booting on the quality formation of HAR.

GLR36 Mutation of Casuarina equisetifoli Is Associated With a Decreased JA Response to Insect Feeding by Lymantria xylina.

Lymantria xylina is the most important defoliator, damaging the effective coastal windbreak tree species Casuarina equisetifolia. However, the underlying genetic mechanisms through which C. equisetifolia responds to L.

Discrimination of leaf diseases in Maize/Soybean intercropping system based on hyperspectral imaging.

In order to achieve precise discrimination of leaf diseases in the Maize/Soybean intercropping system, i.e. leaf spot disease, rust disease, mixed leaf diseases, this study utilized hyperspectral imaging and deep learning algorithms for the classification of diseased leaves of maize and soybean.

Integrated analysis of proteome and transcriptome revealed changes in multiple signaling pathways involved in immunity in the northern snakehead () during infection.

The northern snakehead () is a valuable aquaculture species across certain Asian countries, contributing significantly to economic prosperity and dietary needs. However, its productivity faces significant challenges, particularly from diseases such as nocardiosis, caused by . To date, the majority of research efforts have focused on describing the observed phenomena related to infection.

Comprehensive assessment of pollution status, health risks and source apportionment of heavy metals in surface wetland soils of Yellow River Delta using Monte Carlo simulation and positive matrix factorization.

Excessive heavy metals (HMs) exposure in surface soils may cause non-negligible health risks to human beings; however, the potential health risk assessment of HMs in Yellow River Delta wetland (YRDW) soils has rarely been evaluated. In this study, we sampled surface wetland soils from ten typical functional areas in YRDW, assessed the HMs pollution status, evaluated their potential health risks, stimulated their probabilistic distributions of health risks and analyzed their potential source apportionment using Positive matrix factorization and Monte Carlo simulation. Enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (I) indicated significant anthropogenic impacts, particularly in oil-contaminated sites, while Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) comparison results suggested potential ecological risks, especially for As and Ni, which were occasionally above threshold effect levels.

Efficient Control of Head Blight and Reduction of Deoxynivalenol Accumulation by a Novel Nanopartner-Based Strategy.

Chemical control of head blight (FHB) in wheat plants is often challenged by the resistance outbreak and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation. Developing green partners for fungicides is crucial for reducing fungal growth, mycotoxin contamination, and agricultural fungicides input. Herein, we investigated the mechanism of MgO nanoparticles (NPs) in controlling FHB.

Corrigendum: Vaccines for African swine fever: an update.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.

Extraction of American ginseng polysaccharide by ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvents-based three-phase partitioning: Process optimization, structural characterization, and anti-ulcerative colitis study.

Three-phase partitioning (TPP) is promising for isolating bioactive polysaccharides, but t-butanol's environmental impact limits its application. Deep eutectic solvents can serve as a green and recyclable alternative to t-butanol. This study introduces an ultrasonic-assisted DES three-phase partitioning (UA-TPP-DES) system to extract and purify American ginseng polysaccharides (AGPs).

Enhanced antioxidant activity improves deep-sowing tolerance in maize.

Background: Deep sowing has emerged as a vital agricultural strategy, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, as it allows seeds to access water stored in deeper soil layers. This approach facilitates successful germination and establishment of crops, even in challenging environmental conditions. Previous studies have shown that the length of the maize mesocotyl is an important trait influencing deep-sowing tolerance.

Functionalized cellulose nanocrystals reinforced polysaccharide matrix for the preparation of active packaging for perishable fruits preservation.

Polysaccharide-based films have received increasing attention as promising candidates for petrochemical plastics. However, they are highly brittle, poorly hydrophobic and without antibacterial activity, while current films used to address these issues often struggle to manage the balance between these properties. To achieve a balance of several performance indices of the films, functionalized dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals (DCNCs) were prepared to activate pectin-based films.

Evaluation of the toxoplasma Urm1 gene deletion mutant (PruΔUrm1) as a promising vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis in mice.

Toxoplasmosis is a significant zoonotic disease that poses a serious threat to both human and animal health. Despite ongoing research, developing an effective vaccine for toxoplasmosis remains a challenge. In this study, we evaluated the vaccine potential of the Toxoplasma Urm1 gene deletion mutant (PruΔUrm1) by assessing its pathogenicity and protective efficacy in mice.