Structural insights into glucose-6-phosphate recognition and hydrolysis by human G6PC1.

The glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) is an integral membrane protein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen and plays a vital role in glucose homeostasis. Dysregulation or genetic mutations of G6Pase are associated with diabetes and glycogen storage disease 1a (GSD-1a). Studies have characterized the biophysical and biochemical properties of G6Pase; however, the structure and substrate recognition mechanism of G6Pase remain unclear.

Enhancing Waterproof Food Packaging with Janus Structure: Lotus Leaf Biomimicry and Polyphenol Particle Technology for Vegetable Preservation.

With the increasing demand for improved food preservation, conventional waterproof food packaging has proven inadequate because of its limited functionality. Although incorporating features such as antibacterial and antioxidant properties into packaging enhances protection, it can compromise the hydrophobicity of the involved material, thereby increasing the risk of contamination from external sources. To address this challenge, a robust and reliable barrier capable of simultaneously integrating multiple protective functions is required.

Identification of germplasm resources based on metabolomics and DNA barcoding.

Introduction: radix et rhizoma (Danshen) is a crucial medicinal material for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the presence of adulterants and intraspecific variability poses challenges to its clinical safety.

Methods: This study collected samples of from various regions and commonly encountered adulterants.

L. (purslane) extract ameliorates intestinal inflammation in diet-induced obese mice by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Background: L. (purslane) is a dietary plant and a botanical drug with antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effects of purslane against intestinal-inflammation-associated obesity are yet to be studied.

Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals the mechanism of chicken cecum response to serovar Enteritidis inoculation.

serovar Enteritidis (SE) incurs foodborne illnesses and poses a severe threat to poultry industry and human health. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying chicken responding to SE inoculation remain elusive. Here, we characterized the transcriptome and proteome of chicken cecum 3 days post SE inoculation.

Dietary inulin supplementation improves meat quality and off-flavor of duck meat referring to regulated muscle fiber types and antioxidant capacity.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary inulin (0-30 g/kg) on duck meat, muscle fiber types, meat quality, antioxidant ability, Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, amino acid and off-flavor. These results indicated that inulin promoted the conversion of type II to type I muscle fibers. Compared with the control group, supplementation with 20 g/kg inulin reduced ( < 0.

Trade-offs of different types of dose-responses following temporal gradients of Pb stress in tillandsia usneoides.

The dose-response relationship between toxicants and organisms is the most fundamental principle in toxicological risk assessment. However, multiphasic non-linear responses are poorly understood and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we subjected the indicator plant Tillandsia usneoides to 5 or 10 time gradients of 1 mM Pb, and assessed the response patterns of five damage markers and eight resistance markers in the leaves.

Dietary phytosterols increased the rate of weight gain, antioxidant capacity and growth of beneficial strains of bacteria in the gut and suppressed the population of potentially pathogenic bacteria in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).

This study was to evaluate the effects of dietary adding of phytosterol (PS) on growth, antioxidant capacity, tissue morphology and gut microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). A total of 540 largemouth bass (13.75 ± 0.

Genomic selection strategies to overcome genotype by environment interactions in biosecurity-based aquaculture breeding programs.

Background: Family-based selective breeding programs typically employ both between-family and within-family selection in aquaculture. However, these programs may exhibit a reduced genetic gain in the presence of a genotype by environment interactions (G × E) when employing biosecurity-based breeding schemes (BS), compared to non-biosecurity-based breeding schemes (NBS). Fortunately, genomic selection shows promise in improving genetic gain by taking within-family variance into account.

Proteomics and metabolomics analyses of mechanism underlying bovine sperm cryoinjury.

Background: The cryoinjury of semen during cryopreservation reduces sperm motility, constraining the application of artificial insemination (AI) in bovine reproduction. Some fertility markers, related to sperm motility before and after freezing have been identified. However, little is known about the biological mechanism through which freezing reduces sperm motility.

Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-only genes contribute to immune responses in maize.

Proteins with Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains are widely distributed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, serving as essential components of immune signaling. Although monocots lack the major TIR-nucleotide-binding (NB)-leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-type (TNL) immune receptors, they possess a small number of TIR-only proteins, the function of which remains largely unknown. In the monocot maize (Zea mays), there are three conserved TIR-only genes in the reference genome, namely ZmTIR1 to ZmTIR3.

A rapid preparation strategy of konjac glucomannan-based fiber film incorporated with elderberry anthocyanins via microfluidic blow spinning for fresh-cut apple preservation.

It is still a challenge to use a fast and efficient method for preserving fresh-cut fruits from browning. To address this problem, we developed konjac glucomannan (KGM) incorporated with elderberry anthocyanins (EA) to form film-forming solution (KEA) combined with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution to produce KEA/PVP fiber films by microfluidic blow spinning (MBS). The introduction of PVP and EA improved the spinnability and function properties of KGM-based fiber film, respectively.

The GlnE protein of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 plays a crucial role in the nodulation process of the legume host Sesbania rostrata.

The GlnE enzyme, functioning as an adenylyltransferase/adenylyl-removing enzyme, plays a crucial role in reversible adenylylation of glutamine synthetase (GS), which in turn regulates bacterial nitrogen assimilation. Genomic analysis of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 revealed an open reading frame encoding a GlnE protein, whose function in the free-living and symbiotic states remains to be elucidated. A glnE deletion mutant retained high GS activity even under nitrogen-rich conditions.

Regulation of TGF-β1, PI3K/PIP3/Akt, Nrf-2/Keap-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways to avert bifenthrin induced hepatic injury: A palliative role of daidzein.

Bifenthrin (BFN) is a noxious insecticide which is reported to damage various body organs. Daidzein (DZN) is a natural flavone with excellent pharmacological properties. This research was conducted to evaluate the alleviative strength of DZN to counteract BFN prompted liver toxicity in male albino rats.

L-cysteine modulates the Maillard reaction: Impacts on PhIP and pyrazine formation.

L-Cysteine (L-Cys) serves as both an inhibitor of the carcinogen 1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and an enhancer of food flavor, supporting efforts to improve food safety and quality. Using a glucose/phenylalanine/creatinine model system, this study assessed the effects of varying L-Cys concentrations on PhIP inhibition and pyrazine flavor enhancement through UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS analyses. The optimal PhIP reduction (82.

Boosting the catalytic efficiency of UGT51 for efficient production of rare ginsenoside Rh2.

Ginsenoside Rh2(S) is well-known for its therapeutic potential against diverse conditions, including some cancers, inflammation, and diabetes. The enzymatic activity of uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase 51 (UGT51) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays a pivotal role in the glycosylation process between UDP-glucose (donor) and protopanaxadiol (acceptor), to form ginsenoside Rh2. However, the catalytic efficiency of the UGT51 has remained a challenging task.

Innovative approaches for enzyme immobilization in milk processing: advancements and industrial applications.

The dairy industry is progressively integrating advanced enzyme technologies to optimize processing efficiency and elevate product quality. Among these technologies, enzyme immobilization has emerged as a pivotal innovation, offering considerable benefits in terms of enzyme reusability, stability, and overall process sustainability. This review paper explores the latest improvements in enzyme immobilization techniques and their industrial applications within milk processing.

Broad-spectrum applications of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) across diverse crops and intricate planting systems.

Multifunctional plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have garnered significant attention in agricultural applications; however, a few have applied them in crop rotation or intercropping fields. To identify PGPR with strong colonization ability and broad spectrum benefit, we screened strains from the local tobacco rhizosphere and evaluated their growth-promoting effects across various crops and farming systems. In this study, strain L8, identified as , was selected as a multifunctional PGPR capable of producing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), solubilizing potassium, and mobilizing both organic and inorganic phosphorus.

A developed TaqMan probe-based qPCR was used to quantify the distribution of AMDV in various tissues of infected mink and its prevalence in northern China.

Aleutian mink disease (mink plasmacytosis) is a severe immune complex-mediated condition caused by the Aleutian Mink Disease Virus (AMDV), the most significant pathogen affecting mink health in the industry. Several studies have shown that AMDV epidemics can result in millions to tens of millions of dollars in economic losses worldwide each year. In this study, we developed a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR technology (TaqMan-qPCR) for the specific, sensitive, and reproducible detection and quantification of AMDV in mink tissues by the VP2 gene, achieving detection limits as low as 1.

Evaluation of land ecological security and driving factors in the Lower Yellow River Flood Plain based on quality, structure and function.

Land ecological security (LES) is crucial for human well-being and sustainable development, especially in areas like the Lower Yellow River Flood Plain (LYRFP), which faces flood threats, economic challenges, and ecological fragility. This study introduces a "Quality-Structure-Function" framework for evaluating LYRFP's LES, incorporating ecological baselines and the impacts of land use changes on human well-being for a comprehensive assessment. Using the Optimal Parameter Geographic Detector (OPGD) model, we analyzed agricultural, industrial, and socio-economic factors as potential LES drivers.

Konjac glucomannan/zein active film loaded with tea polyphenol-ferric nanoparticles for strawberry preservation.

With increasing global environmental awareness and concerns about food safety, biodegradable active packaging has garnered widespread attention. In this study, the stability and bioactivity of tea polyphenol (TP) were enhanced through the preparation of TP-ferric nanoparticles (TP-Fe NPs) using metal-polyphenol ion coordination. Moreover, the introduction of Fe ions can further enhance the antibacterial effects of NPs.

Molecular characterization of TRAF gene family in snakehead (Channa argus).

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) act as signal transducers and are critical in many biological processes. However, in contrast to mammals, the function of TRAFs in teleost is still largely unknown. In this study, we identified and cloned eight TRAF genes in snakehead (Channa argus), namely CaTRAF2aa, CaTRAF2ab, CaTRAF2b, CaTRAF3, CaTRAF4a, CaTRAF5, CaTRAF6, and CaTRAF7.

Modification mechanism of potato protein by twin-screw extrusion from the perspective of temperature variation.

Potato protein has attracted much attention due to its unique nutritional and structural properties. In this study, the twin-screw extrusion technology was employed to modify potato protein, while the modification mechanism was investigated from the perspective of temperature variation. Results indicated that extruded potato protein (EPP) led to the extremely significantly decreased surface hydrophobicity (1350 to 307-396) and foaming capacity (41.

Molecular evidence for the role of the ovipositor of the fall armyworm: Where to lay or not to lay?

Oviposition behavior in insects has received considerable attention, but studies have mainly focused on the antennae, neglecting the role of the ovipositor. In this study, we investigated the functional characteristics of the ovipositor in oviposition site selection by the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda, a destructive invasive pest of maize and other cereals. In oviposition choice assays females exhibited significant repellency to isothiocyanate (ITC), volatiles specific to non-preferred cruciferous plants.