Analysis of reassortant and intragenic recombination in Cypovirus.

Cypoviruses (CPVs) are RNA viruses with segmented double-stranded genome and major pathogens of various insects, including economic insects like silkworms and pest insects for agricultural crops and forests. Genome reassortment and recombination are common phenomenon for viruses as a mechanism to expand host range and increase virulence. In the present study, we analyzed the reassortant and recombination events for CPVs.

Assessing the performance of different irrigation systems on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in the greenhouse.

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a very important leafy vegetable in China and is commonly grown using furrow irrigation. In order to improve production efficiency, greenhouse experiments were conducted at Experimental Station, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China using furrow irrigation (FI), micro-sprinkler irrigation (MS), plastic film mulching irrigation (PF) and a combined plastic film mulching-micro-sprinkler irrigation system (PF+MS) to study their effects on soil physical characteristics, water distribution, root morpho-physiological traits, nutrition absorption, lettuce yield and water use efficiency for a spring crop and autumn crop in 2015 (Fig 1).

Genome-wide analysis of MADS-box family genes during flower development in lettuce.

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is an important leafy vegetable consumed worldwide. Heat-induced bolting and flowering greatly limit lettuce production during the summer.

Identification of one B-cell epitope from NS1 protein of duck Tembusu virus with monoclonal antibodies.

This study describes the identification of one linear B-cell epitope on TMUV NS1 protein with monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3G2 by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this study, NS1 protein was expressed in prokaryotic expression system and purified. One mAb against NS1 protein was generated from Balb/c mice immunized with recombinant protein NS1.

The effect of Tembusu virus infection in different week-old Cherry Valley breeding ducks.

To study the effect of Tembusu virus (TMUV) infection on Cherry Valley Breeding ducks of different ages, 350 five-week-old ducks were divided into 14 groups. Ducks in seven experimental group were respectively infected with 1.265×10(5) mean embryo lethal dose (ELD50) of TMUV-AHQY strain (in 4.

Duck Tembusu Virus Exhibits Pathogenicity to Kunming Mice by Intracerebral Inoculation.

In this study, Kunming mice were used as the animal models to study the pathogenicity of TMUV. Three groups of 3-week-old female Kunming mice (n = 15 mice per group) were infected with the SDSG strain of TMUV in 50 μL allantoic fluid (10(4.8) ELD50/0.

Effect of age and inoculation route on the infection of duck Tembusu virus in Goslings.

Duck Tembusu virus (TMUV) is an emerging flavivirus that has caused variable levels of outbreaks in poultry in recent years. In order to study the effect of age and inoculation routes on the TMUV infection, one hundred healthy domestic 5-day-old and 20-day-old goslings were equally divided into five groups and four experimental groups of goslings were infected with the TMUV-SDSG strain by intravenous and intranasal routes, respectively. Severe clinical signs were observed in goslings infected at 5 days of age, including listlessness, growth retardation, severe neurological dysfunction and even death.

Effect of age on the pathogenesis of duck tembusu virus in Cherry Valley ducks.

The effect of host age on the outcome of duck tembusu virus (DTMUV) infection was studied in ducks. Three groups of Cherry Valley ducks at 1, 3, and 7 weeks of age were intramuscularly infected with DTMUV to systematically observe the clinical symptoms, pathological changes, tissue viral loads, and immune responses. Severe clinical symptoms and neurological dysfunction were observed in 1-week-old ducks as early as 2 days post infection (dpi) and some died at 5-7 dpi.

Evaluation of histopathological changes, viral load and immune function of domestic geese infected with Newcastle disease virus.

Outbreaks of Newcastle disease in flocks of geese with high morbidity and mortality in southern and eastern China have been reported frequently since the late 1990s, which broke the traditional view that geese are considered to be the natural reservoir of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) but show few or no clinical signs after infection. In this present study, geese were infected intranasally with a local strain of NDV. Clinical disease and gross pathology were observed.

The comprehensive diagnosis and prevention of duck plague in northwest Shandong province of China.

Here, we report the first outbreak of duck plague (DP) confirmed in 4 tissue samples that were collected since August 2012 from the northwestern region of Shandong province, China. Among these, 3 were collected from commercial Jin-ding variety layer ducks and one from Cherry Valley meat-breeding ducks. The sick ducks (7 to 49 wk old) were characterized by typical DP symptoms and necroscopic features.

Isolation and genetic characterization of a tembusu virus strain isolated from mosquitoes in Shandong, China.

Tembusu virus (TMUV) is a flavivirus, presumed to be a mosquito-borne flavivirus of the Ntaya virus subgroup. To date, however, there have been no reports indicating that mosquitoes are involved in the spread of TMUV. In this study, we report the first isolation of TMUV from Culex mosquitoes.

Tembusu virus in human, China.

Tembusu virus (TMUV) infection in ducks, geese and house sparrows was reported in China. To confirm the emergence of TMUV in humans, we investigated TMUV as a possible infection in duck industry workers in Shandong, China. Of 132 serum samples tested, 95 (71.