Exploration of phytochemical components, bioactivity based fractionation, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory effect of chloroform extract.

The chloroform extract of leaves of L, reduced the levels of lipid profile in rats with hypercholesterolaemia to near-normal levels. Additionally, it significantly decreased the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, the extract augmented the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) in the hypercholesterolemic treated rats.

Long-term outcomes of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass vs second generation drug eluting stent for management of isolated left anterior descending artery disease.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the long-term outcomes in a propensity matched population receiving either minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) using left internal thoracic artery (LITA) to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) or percutaneous coronary intervention using second generation everolismus-eluting stents (DES-PCI) in patients treated for isolated proximal LAD stenosis.

Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2017, 421 patients with a nonemergency status undergoing primary isolated proximal LAD revascularization were retrospectively analyzed and were divided into two groups: 111 patients receiving MIDCAB LITA to LAD and 310 patients receiving DES-PCI. Propensity score matching selected 111 pairs and both groups were comparable for all baseline characteristics and well balanced.

Bridging Distances and Enhancing Care: A Comprehensive Review of Telemedicine in Surgery.

Telemedicine in surgical care has undergone rapid advancements in recent years, leveraging technologies such as telerobotics, artificial intelligence (AI) diagnostics, and wearable devices to facilitate remote evaluation and monitoring of patients. These innovations have improved access to care, reduced costs, and enhanced patient satisfaction. However, significant challenges remain, including technical barriers, limited tactile feedback in telesurgery, and inequities arising from digital literacy and infrastructure gaps.

Outcomes of Gallbladder Drainage Techniques in Acute Cholecystitis: Percutaneous Versus Endoscopic Methods.

Acute cholecystitis, often caused by gallstones obstructing the cystic duct, is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires timely intervention. High-risk patients, particularly those with significant comorbidities, may not be suitable candidates for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, necessitating alternative drainage techniques such as percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) and endoscopic gallbladder drainage (EGD). This systematic review aims to compare the efficacy, safety, and outcomes of PC and EGD in managing acute cholecystitis in high-risk surgical patients.

Efficacy and safety of preoperative intravenous iron versus standard care in colorectal cancer patients with iron deficiency anemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Anemia, particularly iron deficiency (ID) anemia, is common in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, affecting up to 58% of individuals. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of preoperative intravenous iron (IVI) with standard care (no iron or oral iron) in CRC patients with ID anemia.

Methods: A systematic search across multiple databases identified studies comparing IVI versus no iron or oral iron in CRC patients with ID anemia.

Evaluation of the Clinical Outcomes of Cyclosporine Short Infusion Versus Continuous Infusion Postallogenic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Background And Objective: Cyclosporin A (CsA) exhibits a narrow therapeutic index and large inter-individual variation in pharmacokinetics. Two intermittent and 24-h continuous infusions (CI) are both commonly used regimens in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with no universal consensus. The objective of this study was to assess whether CsA as a 2-h, twice-daily intravenous infusion (2 h/12 h) is non-inferior to 22 h CI every 24 h (22 h-CI/24 h) in terms of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) incidence and adverse events in allogeneic HSCT adult patients.

Self-reported history of childhood vision impairment among older adults screened for dementia.

We investigated the relationship between self-reported history of visual impairment in youth and the development of dementia in later life using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) household survey, which included the Eight-item Informant Interview to Differentiate Aging and Dementia (AD-8) screen. Adults with a reported history of childhood visual impairment were found to have significantly higher odds of positive dementia screening. After adjusting for confounders, we found a twofold increase in those reporting early visual impairment compared with those who did not report early visual impairment.

Risk of Zonular Dialysis in Fellow-Eye Cataract Surgeries: A Multicenter Comparative Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the risk of zonular dialysis (ZD) in fellow eye phacoemulsification cataract surgery and to identify risk factors, including prior first eye ZD.

Setting: 8 United Kingdom National Health Service clinical centers.

Design: Retrospective database study.

Innovations and Emerging Trends in Prostate Cancer Management: A Literature Review.

Prostate cancer (PC) is considered the second most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. It remains a leading cause of cancer-related death. Recently, many modalities have been discovered and used in the diagnosis and management of PC, with the incorporation of many treatment options such as hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and precision medicine.

Using Real-World Data to Assess the Association of Retinal Detachment With Topical Pilocarpine Use.

Purpose: To examine the association between topical pilocarpine and the risk of new-onset rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Design: Retrospective clinical cohort study.

Methods: We used an aggregated electronic health records research network, TriNetX, to examine the risk of RRD (ICD-10: H33.

Outcomes of Cataract Surgery Complicated With Zonular Dialysis: A Multicenter Comparative Study.

Purpose: To compare the visual outcomes, rate of cystoid macular edema (CME), and additional associated complications in eyes that exhibited zonular dialysis (ZD) during phacoemulsification to a reference group of uneventful phacoemulsification eyes.

Methods: A retrospective multicenter comparative database study. We pooled data from 8 United Kingdom sites between 2003 and 2015.

Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema.

Purpose Of Review: Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) is the most common postoperative complication of cataract surgery, resulting in visual decline. In this review, we discuss its pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and the current available evidence on therapeutic management.

Recent Findings: Patients with diabetes mellitus have twice the risk of developing PCME as compared to nondiabetic individuals.

Endoscopic balloon dilatation of primary obstructive megaureter: An effective first line management in children.

Aim: This study evaluates outcomes of endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) in the management of primary obstructive megaureter (POM) in children.

Methods: Retrospective data between 2013 and 2023 from two tertiary paediatric surgical centres in the UK were reviewed. Pre and post-operative clinical and imaging parameters of children managed with EBD were assessed.

Impact of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Cognitive Function of Elderly Men With Prostate Cancer.

Background Prostate cancer affects millions of men worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy is the most prescribed medication for elderly men with prostatic cancer to slow and suppress the disease progression. Androgen deprivation therapy works on decreasing testosterone levels, and that can cause multiple side effects, including potential cognitive affection in the form of accelerating cognitive aging and potentially increasing the risk of dementia.

Risk of Posterior Capsule Ruptures in Fellow-Eye Cataract Surgeries: A Multicenter Comparative Study.

Purpose: To quantify the risk of posterior capsule rupture (PCR) in fellow-eye phacoemulsification surgery and to determine risk factors.

Methods: We pooled data from 8 United Kingdom sites for patients undergoing bilateral non-simultaneous phacoemulsification. Main outcome measures were the incidence and risk factors of the development of PCR during the fellow-eye phacoemulsification.

Minimally Invasive Surgery for Hirschsprung Disease: Current Practices and Future Directions.

Hirschsprung disease (HD) is a congenital disorder characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the distal colon and rectum, leading to functional obstruction and severe constipation. Over the past decades, the surgical management of HD has significantly evolved, with minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques revolutionizing treatment approaches. This review explores recent innovations in MIS for HD, focusing on laparoscopic, transanal endorectal pull-through (TERPT), and robotic-assisted techniques.

Prognostic significance of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in locally advanced breast cancer.

The present study aimed to clarify the prognostic role of the pre-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Due to conflicting results in currently available data, the specific focus of the present study was on evaluating the associations between the pre-treatment NLR and the rate of achieving a pathological complete response (pCR) and survival outcomes. For the present study, data from a cohort of 465 consecutive patients with LABC who underwent NAC at King Feisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) between 2005 and 2014 were obtained from a prospective BC database and analyzed.

Revisiting acute retinal pigment epitheliitis (Krill disease).

We reevaluate acute retinal pigment epitheliitis (ARPE) first described by Krill and Deutman in 1972, integrating a meticulous literature review with advanced multimodal imaging analyses. Our review included 98 eyes from 86 published cases diagnosed with ARPE. We scrutinized ARPE's clinical presentations, variability, and imaging characteristics, revealing that a large majority (90 %) of cases previously diagnosed as ARPE align more closely with other retinal disorders based on modern diagnostic criteria and imaging techniques.

The potential protective effect of Camellia Sinensis in mitigating monosodium glutamate-induced neurotoxicity: biochemical and histological study in male albino rats.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium compound derived from glutamic acid. Excessive daily ingestion of MSG leads to elevated amounts of glutamic acid in the bloodstream, which can be detrimental to brain structures. Camellia sinensis, often known as green tea (GT), is a rich source of essential hexogen antioxidants that are necessary for the body.

Is platelet-rich plasma a new solution for shoulder adhesive capsulitis? A systematic scoping review of the literature.

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has shown promising results for adhesive shoulder capsulitis (AC) in pre-clinical models. The aim of this review is to investigate the clinical outcomes of using PRP in AC.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a systematic scoping review of the literature using bibliographic databases from inception until the 9 of January 2022 [PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CENTRAL].